{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:50:46Z","timestamp":1778172646711,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic represents a unique challenge for public health worldwide. In this context, smartphone-based tracking apps play an important role in controlling transmission. However, privacy concerns may compromise the population\u2019s willingness to adopt this mobile health (mHealth) technology. Based on the privacy calculus theory, this study aims to examine what factors drive or hinder adoption and disclosure, considering the moderating role of age and health status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a European country hit by the pandemic that has recently launched a COVID-19 contact-tracing app. Data from 504 potential users was analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results indicate that perceived benefits and privacy concerns impact adoption and disclosure and confirm the existence of a privacy paradox. However, for young and healthy users, only benefits have a significant effect. Moreover, older people value more personal than societal benefits while for respondents with a chronical disease privacy concerns outweigh personal benefits.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study contributes to consumer privacy research and to the mHealth literature, where privacy issues have been rarely explored, particularly regarding COVID-19 contact-tracing apps. The study re-examines the privacy calculus by incorporating societal benefits and moving from a traditional \u201cself-focus\u201d approach to an \u201cother-focus\u201d perspective. This study further adds to prior research by examining the moderating role of age and health condition, two COVID-19 risk factors. This study thus offers critical insights for governments and health organizations aiming to use these tools to reduce COVID-19 transmission rates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jcm-03-2021-4510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T18:47:45Z","timestamp":1634150865000},"page":"181-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Privacy concerns with COVID-19 tracking apps: a privacy calculus approach"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"key2023020606320451100_ref0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19857","DOI":"10.2196\/19857","article-title":"Acceptability of app-based contact tracing for COVID-19: Cross-country survey study","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth: JMU"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023020606320451100_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1108\/JCM-06-2015-1458","article-title":"The personalization-privacy paradox: implications for new media","volume":"33","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Marketing"},{"key":"key2023020606320451100_ref002","first-page":"11","article-title":"From intentions to actions: a theory of planned behaviour","volume-title":"In \u2018Action Control","year":"1985"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2023020606320451100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2010.01.010","article-title":"The impact of personal dispositions on information sensitivity, privacy concern and trust in disclosing health information online","volume":"49","year":"2010","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023020606320451100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2015.08.001","article-title":"Do context and personality matter? 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