{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T23:23:33Z","timestamp":1772925813192,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JEIM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The research aims to investigate the changing skills required for international entrepreneurship (IE) and the awareness of these skills among students and professionals in four European countries. The study intends to investigate students' and professionals' perceptions of entrepreneurial skills and the potential for educational programs to improve their awareness of these skills.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This quantitative cross-sectional analysis uses an online questionnaire to collect data from 75 university students and 75 entrepreneurs in four European countries. Several tests validate the data, and Cronbach's alpha succeeded in measuring internal consistency. The results showed differences in the perception of skills between students and entrepreneurs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Entrepreneurs had developed all competencies except access to finance, while students had lower perceptions of their skills, except for collaboration. Students needed to improve significantly in access to finance, business planning, financial skills, knowledge of the labour market and digital marketing. Practitioners only required significant improvement in access to finance and digital marketing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Education programs should fit the needs of different groups: a broader program for students and more specific courses on access to finance and digital marketing for practitioners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present research's original feature highlights the need to monitor and adapt to the constantly changing skills for IE and the importance of hard and soft skills. The paper provides insights into the subject's awareness and perceived standard, with reflections for policymakers and practitioners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jeim-02-2023-0091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T09:47:55Z","timestamp":1689760075000},"page":"1658-1676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["International entrepreneurship: an\u00a0approach for entrepreneurial skill development"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4799-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9613-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paolo Pietro","family":"Biancone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3195-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Lanzalonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2024111216471309200_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/0965254X.2022.2059773","article-title":"Entrepreneurial marketing and firm performance: scale development, validation, and empirical test","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Strategic Marketing"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024111216471309200_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/sej.4","article-title":"Discovery and creation: alternative theories of entrepreneurial action","volume":"1","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2024111216471309200_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.5539\/hes.v2n1p2","article-title":"A study of teaching methods in entrepreneurship education for graduate students","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Higher Education Studies"},{"key":"key2024111216471309200_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-005-1984-x","article-title":"Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship","volume":"24","year":"2005","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2024111216471309200_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2009.00300.x","article-title":"Measuring enterprise potential in young people","volume":"33","year":"2009","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2024111216471309200_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2007.00722.x","article-title":"The theory of knowledge spillover entrepreneurship","volume":"44","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2024111216471309200_ref007","article-title":"Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity, and imitability on international growth","volume":"43","year":"2000","journal-title":"Source: The Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"key2024111216471309200_ref008","unstructured":"Beckton, J. 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