{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T12:31:43Z","timestamp":1768739503175,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JFBM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article aims to explore how cluster affiliation moderates the relationship between family involvement and speed of internationalization in family firms. The speed of internationalization is examined in terms of earliness and post-internationalization speed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The research is based on a sample of 639 Portuguese family businesses (FBs) created and internationalized between 2010 and 2018 that was retrieved from the Iberian Balance Analysis System \u2013 SABI database. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess the measurement and construct the model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that higher levels of family involvement in ownership and management make family firms enter on international markets in later stages of their development but, after the first international market entry, the firms are able to exhibit a higher post-internationalization speed. When considering the effect of cluster affiliation, the authors found that clustered FBs are more likely to engage in early internationalization and to accelerate the post-internationalization process than non-clustered FBs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study's findings are explained by the existence of socially proximate relationships with other cluster members, based on similarity, trust, knowledge exchange and sense of belonging, which push family firms to internationalize and increase their level of international commitment over time. The empirical evidence, therefore, highlights the primary role of industrial clusters in moderating the relationship between family involvement, earliness of internationalization and post-internationalization speed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jfbm-06-2023-0080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T06:33:21Z","timestamp":1690958001000},"page":"120-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["One for all, all for one: an analysis towards the speed of\u00a0internationalization in clustered and non-clustered family firms"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6499-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telma","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3644-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2356-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2024021910310339300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwb.2007.04.012","article-title":"Speed of internationalization and entrepreneurial cognition: insights and a comparison between international new ventures, exporters and domestic firms","volume":"42","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of World Business"},{"key":"key2024021910310339300_ref002","unstructured":"AEF (2020), \u201cEmpresas Familiares em Portugal\u201d, available at: https:\/\/empresasfamiliares.pt (accessed 7 December 2020)."},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024021910310339300_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1108\/IMR-03-2018-0108","article-title":"An institution-based view of firms' early internationalization: effectiveness of national export promotion policies","volume":"36","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Marketing Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2024021910310339300_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11846-020-00404-1","article-title":"Mapping family firm internationalization research: bibliometric and literature review","volume":"15","year":"2021","journal-title":"Review of Managerial Science"},{"key":"key2024021910310339300_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2022.05.006","article-title":"We are family! 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