{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T05:33:56Z","timestamp":1774676036691,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JMHTEP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fighting the stigma of mental disorder is the core focus of nursing teachers closely working with mental health institutions and patients. The sharing of experiences calls attention to common motivations and concerns leading researchers to explore this universal phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the symbolic representation of mental disorder by undergraduate nursing students and to develop an instrument that contributes to reduce stigma.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cross-cultural study, using a quantitative and qualitative analysis and of descriptive and exploratory nature, on the categorization of drawings made by undergraduate nursing students in Brazil and Portugal \u2013 to graphically represent mentally ill patients. The research was performed throughout a period of two school years, involving a total of 187 students. All ethical recommendations were considered.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Approximately, 50 different symbols were identified and sorted into categories. The most representative ones were \u201cInterrogation\u201d and \u201cThe World.\u201d The study makes noteworthy contributions to raise awareness and enhance understanding on how future nursing graduates experience and perceive mental disorder.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite the cultural differences and geographical distance of participants, the study revealed similarities on how mental disorder is perceived. Students have still a little knowledge of new practices, of the profound changes in psychiatry and the major efforts of all mental health professionals to fight social exclusion of mentally ill persons. Drawing is a powerful educational tool to understand how people, namely, nursing students, feel and respond to mental illness.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jmhtep-12-2016-0057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]],"date-time":"2017-08-21T19:14:08Z","timestamp":1503342848000},"page":"323-330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nursing students\u2019 depiction of mental disorder"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Marques","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Mara Melo","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120517192183500_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-3802.2010.01193.x","article-title":"Attitudes of students towards people with mental ill health and impact on learning and well-being","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5th ed."},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020120517192183500_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2012.01957.x","article-title":"Confronting Goffman: how can mental health nurses effectively challenge stigma? A critical review of the literature","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref004","volume-title":"Qualitative Research with Text, Image and Sound: A Practical Handbook","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref005","unstructured":"Brasil, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Secretaria de Aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Sa\u00fade, DAPE, Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Sa\u00fade Mental (2005), \u201cReforma psiqui\u00e1trica e pol\u00edtica de sa\u00fade mental no Brasil (The psychiatric and political mental health reform in Brazil)\u201d, paper presented in Confer\u00eancia Regional de Reforma dos Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade Mental: 15 anos depois de Caracas, OPAS, Bras\u00edlia."},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref006","unstructured":"Carneiro, A. (2001), \u201cO Desenho, projecto da pessoa (The drawing, the person project)\u201d, Os Desenhos do Desenho, na Novas Perspectivas sobre Ensino Art\u00edstico, Actas do semin\u00e1rio (Drawings from the Drawing, New Perspectives on Artistical Education, Seminar Minutes in Porto, Portugal, 2001), Universidade do Porto, Porto, p. 34."},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120517192183500_ref007","first-page":"9","article-title":"The constitution of the ways students and egresses of a nursing course perceive madness: a study with the approach of social phenomenology","volume":"60","year":"2007","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref008","first-page":"S45","article-title":"29.4 stigma of mental illness on college campuses: teaching implications for child and adolescent psychiatry trainees","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120517192183500_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-016-0016-4","article-title":"Decreasing the stigma of mental illness through a student-nurse mentoring program: a qualitative study","volume":"52","year":"2016","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref010","volume-title":"Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120517192183500_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2014.935901","article-title":"Nursing students\u2019 attitudes about psychiatric mental health nursing","volume":"36","year":"2015","journal-title":"Issues in Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref012","volume-title":"Man and His Symbols","year":"1964"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120517192183500_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.05.005","article-title":"Challenging the stigma of mental illness among college students","volume":"59","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020120517192183500_ref014","first-page":"23","article-title":"A import\u00e2ncia pedag\u00f3gica e psicopedag\u00f3gica do desenho no processo ensino aprendizagem (The pedagogical and psychopedagogical importance of drawing in the teaching-learning process)","volume":"I","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Magistro Fil"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref015","volume-title":"Psychoanalysis: Its Image and its Public","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref016","article-title":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional para a Sa\u00fade Mental","author":"Portugal, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Alto Comissariado da Sa\u00fade","year":"2008"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020120517192183500_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201643041","article-title":"The stigma of mental disorders","volume":"17","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Reports"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref018","volume-title":"Reducing the Stigma of Mental Illness: A Report from a Global Programme of the World Psychiatric Association","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref019","volume-title":"Weight and Measure","year":"1992"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020120517192183500_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2015.03.011","article-title":"Undergraduate nursing students\u2019 attitudes toward mental health nursing","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nurse Education Today"},{"key":"key2020120517192183500_ref021","volume-title":"Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice","year":"2014","edition":"8th ed."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JMHTEP-12-2016-0057\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JMHTEP-12-2016-0057\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:45:54Z","timestamp":1753397154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jmhtep\/article\/12\/5\/323-330\/238006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JMHTEP-12-2016-0057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jmhtep-12-2016-0057","relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-6228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-6228","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]}}}