{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:25:17Z","timestamp":1774031117211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to develop a new insight (focused on residents) into the measurement of place attachment, self\u2010esteem, self\u2010efficacy and perceived happiness, in order to provide public policy makers with performance indicators for place marketing strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey applied to 641 residents of Portim\u00e3o, the second most populated city in Algarve, in the south of Portugal, was conducted to assess the quality of life attributes and place attachment measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings revealed that the city's quality of life attributes (comprising six dimensions) influence place attachment \u2013 which is significantly correlated with self\u2010efficacy, perceived happiness and active citizenship behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>As an input for the city policy makers, this research can contribute to a better knowledge and management of the factors that influence the residents' well\u2010being. For residents, it provided an opportunity for participation which may influence the public planning of the city.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper discusses a new framework that is a contribution for policy makers and public decision makers of the relevance of systematic place marketing and monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jpmd-06-2012-0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T10:06:07Z","timestamp":1372327567000},"page":"102-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["\u201cAre you happy here?\u201d: the relationship between quality of life and place attachment"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Joaquim Ara\u00fajo de Azevedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Jo\u00e3o Ferreira Cust\u00f3dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Pereira Antunes Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b2","unstructured":"Breakwell, G. (1986), Coping with Threatened Identity, Methuen, London."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b3","unstructured":"Breakwell, G. (1992), \u201cProcesses of self\u2010evaluation: efficacy and estrangement\u201d, in Breakwell, G. (Ed.), Social Psychology of Identity and the Self\u2010concept, Surrey University Press, London."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breakwell, G. (1993), \u201cIntegrating paradigms: methodological implications\u201d, in Breakwell, G. and Canter, D. (Eds), Empirical Approaches to Social Representations, Clarendon Press, Oxford.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198521815.001.0001"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, B. and Werner, C. (1985), \u201cSocial cohesiveness, territoriality and holiday decorations\u201d, Environment & Behavior, Vol. 27, pp. 539\u2010565.","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916585175001"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b6","unstructured":"Canter, D. (1977), The Psychology of Place, The Architectural Press Ltd, London."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diener, E. and Suh, E. (1997), \u201cMeasuring quality of life: economic, social, and subjective indicators\u201d, Social Indicators Research, Vol. 40 Nos 1\/2, pp. 189\u2010216.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006859511756"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b7","unstructured":"Echtner, C.M. and Ritchie, eJ.R.B. (1991), \u201cThe meaning and measurement of destination image\u201d, Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 2\u201012."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Echtner, C.M. and Ritchie, eJ.R.B. (1993), \u201cThe meaning and measurement of destination image: an empirical assessment\u201d, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 31, Spring, pp. 3\u201013.","DOI":"10.1177\/004728759303100402"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00e9lonneau, M. (2004), \u201cLove and loathing of the city: urbanophilia and urbanophobia, topological identity and perceived incivilities\u201d, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 24, pp. 43\u201052.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(03)00049-5"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallarza, M., Saura, I.G. and Garc\u00eda, eH.C. (2001), \u201cDestination image \u2013 towards a conceptual framework\u201d, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 56\u201078.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-7383(01)00031-7"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hidalgo, C. and Hernandez, B. (2001), \u201cPlace attachment: conceptual and empirical questions\u201d, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 21, pp. 273\u2010281.","DOI":"10.1006\/jevp.2001.0221"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hummon, D. (1992), \u201cCommunity attachment: local sentiment and sense of place\u201d, in Altman, I. and Low, S. (Eds), Place Attachment, Plenum, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-8753-4_12"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasarda, J. and Janowitz, M. (1974), \u201cCommunity attachment in mass society\u201d, American Sociological Review, Vol. 39, pp. 328\u2010339.","DOI":"10.2307\/2094293"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kavaratzis, M. and Ashworth, G.J. (2005), \u201cCity branding: an effective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick?\u201d, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, Vol. 96 No. 5, pp. 506\u2010514.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9663.2005.00482.x"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knez, I. (2005), \u201cAttachment and identity as related to a place and its perceived climate\u201d, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 25, pp. 207\u2010218.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2005.03.003"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korpela, K. (1989), \u201cPlace identity as a product of environmental self regulation\u201d, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 9, pp. 241\u2010256.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(89)80038-6"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b18","unstructured":"Kotler, P., Hamlin, M., Rein, I. and Haider, D. (2002), Marketing Asian Places, Wiley, Singapore."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyle, G., Mowen, A. and Tarrant, M. (2004), \u201cLinking place preferences with place meaning: an examination of relationship between place motivation and place attachment\u201d, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 24, pp. 439\u2010454.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2004.11.001"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lalli, M. (1992), \u201cUrban\u2010related identity: theory, measurement and empirical findings\u201d, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 12, pp. 285\u2010303.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(05)80078-7"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b21","unstructured":"Lynch, K. (1960), The Image of the City, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannarini, T., Tartaglia, S., Fedi, A. and Greganti, K. (2004), \u201cImage of neighbourhood, self\u2010image and sense of community\u201d, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 26, pp. 202\u2010214.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2006.07.008"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b23","unstructured":"Mead, G. (1934), Mind, Self and Society, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moilanen, T. and Rainisto, S. (2009), How to Brand Nations, Cities and Destinations, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230584594"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikolopoulou, M., Baker, N. and Steemers, K. (2001), \u201cThermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: understanding the human parameter\u201d, Solar Energy, Vol. 70, pp. 227\u2010235.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-092X(00)00093-1"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker, C. (2008), \u201cExtended editorial: place \u2013 the trial frontier\u201d, Journal of Place Management and Development, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 5\u201014.","DOI":"10.1108\/17538330810865309"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phelps, A. (1986), \u201cHoliday destination image the problem of assessment. An example developed in Menorca\u201d, Tourism Management, September, pp. 168\u2010180.","DOI":"10.1016\/0261-5177(86)90003-8"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proshansky, H. (1978), \u201cThe city and self\u2010identity\u201d, Environment & Behavior, Vol. 10, pp. 147\u2010170.","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916578102002"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogerson, R. (1999), \u201cQuality of life and city competitiveness\u201d, Urban Studies, Vol. 36 Nos 5\/6, pp. 969\u2010985.","DOI":"10.1080\/0042098993303"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarbin, T. (1983), \u201cPlace identity as a component of self: an addendum\u201d, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 3, pp. 337\u2010342.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(83)80036-X"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b31","unstructured":"Sepe, M. (2007), \u201cSustainable walkability and place identity, in Proceedings of World Academy of Science\u201d, Technology and Engineering, Vol. 22, July, pp. 258\u2010263."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b33","unstructured":"Statistics Portugal (2011), Anu\u00e1rio estat\u00edstico da regi\u00e3o Algarve, Statistics Portugal, Lisboa."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twigger\u2010Ross, C. and Uzzell, D. (1996), \u201cPlace and identity processes\u201d, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 16, pp. 205\u2010220.","DOI":"10.1006\/jevp.1996.0017"},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b35","unstructured":"Williams, D. and Vaske, J. (2003), \u201cThe measurement of place attachment: validity and generalizability of a psychometric approach\u201d, Forest Science, Vol. 49 No. 6, pp. 830\u2010840."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_b36","unstructured":"Winkel, G. (1981), \u201cThe perception of neighbourhood change\u201d, in Harvey, J. (Ed.), Cognition and Social Behaviour and the Environment, Erlbaum, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_frd1","unstructured":"Kastenholz, E. (2002), \u201cO Papel da Imagem do Destino no Comportamento do Turista e Implica\u00e7\u00f5es em Termos de Marketing: O Caso do Norte de Portugal\u201d, Tese de Doutoramento n\u00e3o publicada, Departamento de Economia, Gest\u00e3o e Engenharia Industrial, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro."},{"key":"key2022013019481788800_frd2","unstructured":"Spidalg, Sociedade de Projectos, Investimentos e Desenvolvimento do Algarve, Lda (2005), \u201cCidadania Activa: A minha Opini\u00e3o faz a minha Cidade\u201d, Unpublished, Faro."}],"container-title":["Journal of Place Management and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/JPMD-06-2012-0017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JPMD-06-2012-0017\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JPMD-06-2012-0017\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:19:09Z","timestamp":1753395549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jpmd\/article\/6\/2\/102-119\/232857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JPMD-06-2012-0017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jpmd-06-2012-0017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-8335"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-8335","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]]}}}