{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T08:13:08Z","timestamp":1771315988273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"FCT \u2013 Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["Project UIDB\/ 04020\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project UIDB\/ 04020\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to introduce the Adaptive Co-Design Ecosystem for Place Branding (ACE-PB), a governance-oriented process model that integrates design principles within a structured, iterative framework. It seeks to address the lack of a coherent, operational approach that sustains stakeholder engagement, embeds adaptive learning and promotes inclusive governance in place branding contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An integrative literature review was undertaken to synthesise insights from place branding (PB), design thinking (DT) and participatory governance. The review followed a three-stage analytical process consisting of open coding, axial synthesis and conceptual integration applied to 26 studies. Through this process, conceptual patterns were identified, compared and integrated to develop the ACE-PB model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed model reconceptualises PB as an adaptive form of governance rather than a promotional activity. It demonstrates how design-informed principles, such as iteration, empathy and institutional learning, can structure participation and enable long-term legitimacy and collaboration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model provides policymakers and place managers with a structured approach to embed co-creation, reflection and continuous evaluation within place-branding governance. It outlines the competencies, resources and institutional arrangements required to operationalise adaptive collaboration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research contributes a theoretically grounded and process-based framework that bridges design, PB and governance literatures. It enhances conceptual understanding of participatory branding and offers a foundation for future empirical validation across diverse governance and cultural contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jpmd-10-2024-0120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T07:50:02Z","timestamp":1766044202000},"page":"90-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design-driven place branding \u2013 a governance-oriented model for adaptive and co-creativebrand development"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Homayoun","family":"Golestaneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Algarve Faculty of Economics, , Faro,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Algarve Faculty of Economics, , Faro,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Algarve Faculty of Economics, , Faro,","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026021702374739000_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1108\/JPMD-07-2022-0061","article-title":"City branding in a multi-level governance context: comparing branding performance across five institutional models for urban development in Saudi Arabia","volume":"16","author":"Alsayel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Place Management and Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026021702374739000_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/jpim.12594","article-title":"The origin and evolution of Stanford university\u2019s design thinking: from product design to design thinking in innovation 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