{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T11:36:34Z","timestamp":1772451394960,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSFE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fire safety of a building is becoming a prominent consideration due to the recent fire accidents and the consequences in terms of loss of life and property damage. ISO 834 standard fire test regulation and simulation cannot be applied to assess the fire performance of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) walls as the real fire time-temperature curves could be more severe, compared to standard fire curve, in terms of the maximum temperature and the time to reach that maximum temperature. Therefore, this paper aims to describe an investigation on the fire performance of 3DPC composite wall panels subjected to different fire scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The fire performance of 3DPC wall was traced through developing an appropriate heat transfer numerical model. The validity of the developed numerical model was confirmed by comparing the time-temperature profiles with available fire test results of 3DPC walls. A detailed parametric study of 140 numerical models were, subsequently, conducted covering different 3DPC wall configurations (i.e. solid, cavity and rockwool infilled cavity), five varying densities and consideration of four fire curves (i.e. standard, hydrocarbon fire, rapid and prolong).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>3DPC walls and Rockwool infilled cavity walls showed superior fire performance. Furthermore, the study indicates that the thermal responses of 3DPC walls exposed to rapid-fire is crucial compared to other fire scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate the thermal behaviour, ABAQUS allows performing uncoupled and coupled thermal analysis. Coupled analysis is typically used to investigate combined mechanical-thermal behaviour. Since, considered 3DPC wall configurations are non-load bearing, uncouple heat transfer analysis was performed. Time-temperature variations can be obtained to study the thermal response of 3DPC walls.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>At present, there is limited study to analyse the behaviour of 3DPC composite wall panels in real fire scenarios. Hence, this paper presents an investigation on the fire performance of 3DPC composite wall panels subjected to different fire scenarios. This research is the first attempt to extensively study the fire performance of non-load bearing 3DPC walls.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jsfe-10-2020-0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T10:25:28Z","timestamp":1626171928000},"page":"377-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fire resistance of 3D printed concrete composite wall panels exposed to various fire scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Thadshajini","family":"Suntharalingam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irindu","family":"Upasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Perampalam","family":"Gatheeshgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Keerthan","family":"Poologanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brabha","family":"Nagaratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heshachanaa","family":"Rajanayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Satheeskumar","family":"Navaratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"key2021081308274066200_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expthermflusci.2007.11.006","article-title":"Characterisation of dalmarnock fire test one","volume":"32","year":"2008","journal-title":"Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science"},{"key":"key2021081308274066200_ref002","article-title":"The world\u2019s first 3D\u2013printed office building in dubai","volume-title":"PCI Convention and National Bridge Conference \u2013 Precast\/Prestressed Concrete Institute","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2021081308274066200_ref003","first-page":"9","article-title":"Fire resistance rating of light gauge steel frame walls exposed to realistic design fires \u2013 a review and development of time equivalent approach","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021081308274066200_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01983053","article-title":"The historical basis of fire resistance testing - 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