{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:19:41Z","timestamp":1768781981359,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JSFE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Steel beams composed of cold-formed sections are common in buildings because of their lightness and ability to support large spans. However, the instability phenomena associated to these members are not completely understood in fire situation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyse the behaviour of beams composed of cold-formed lipped channel sections at elevated temperatures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A numerical analysis is made, applying the finite element program SAFIR, on the behaviour of simply supported cold formed steel beams at elevated temperatures. A parametric study, considering several cross-sections with different slenderness\u2019s values, steel grades and bending diagrams, is presented. The obtained numerical results are compared with the design bending resistances determined from Eurocode 3 Part 1-2 and its French National Annex (FN Annex).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The current design expressions revealed to be too conservative when compared with the obtained numerical results. It was possible to observe that the FN Annex is less conservative than the Annex E, the first having a better agreement with the numerical results.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Following the previous comparisons, new fire design formulae are tested. This new methodology, which introduces minimum changes in the existing formulae, provides safety and accuracy at the same time when compared to the numerical results, considering the occurrence of local, distortional and lateral torsional buckling phenomena in these members at elevated temperatures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/jsfe-12-2016-025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T06:02:39Z","timestamp":1483941759000},"page":"365-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Behaviour and resistance of cold-formed steel beams with lipped channel sections under fire conditions"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Arrais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Vila Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref004","unstructured":"Arrais, F. (2012), \u201cComportamento de elementos enformados a frio em situa\u00e7\u00e3o de inc\u00eandio\u201d, Master thesis, University of Aveiro, Aveiro."},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref024","first-page":"119","article-title":"Etude de la stabilit\u00e9 des profiles a parois minces et section ouverte de types U et C","volume-title":"Collection des publications de La Facult\u00e9 des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es","year":"1988"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2006.08.027","article-title":"Thin-walled member plastic bifurcation analysis using generalised beam theory","volume":"38","year":"2007","journal-title":"Advances in Engineering Software"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref015","unstructured":"CAST3M (2012), \u201cDevelopment sponsored by French Atomic Energy Commission\u201d, available at: www-cast3m.cea.fr\/"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref009","volume-title":"European Committee for Standardisation, EN1993-1-2, Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural Fire Design","author":"CEN","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref017","volume-title":"European Committee for Standardisation, EN1993-1-1, Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures - Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings","author":"CEN","year":"2005"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref026","volume-title":"European Committee for Standardisation, EN1993-1-5, Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures - Part 1-5: Plated Structural Elements","author":"CEN","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref010","volume-title":"European Committee for Standardisation, NF EN1993-1-2, Eurocode 3: Calcul des structures en acier \u2013 Annexe Nationale \u00e0 la NF EN 1993-1-2: Calcul du Comportment au Feu","author":"CEN","year":"2007"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref027","volume-title":"European Committee for Standardisation, EN 1090-2+A1, Execution of Steel Structures and Aluminium Structures - Part 2: Technical Requirements for Steel Structures","author":"CEN","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref016","volume-title":"RUBY \u2013 An Interface Software for Running A Buckling Analysis of SAFIR Models using Cast3M","year":"2013"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2015.03.005","article-title":"Resistance of steel cross-sections with local buckling at elevated temperatures","volume":"109","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Constructional Steel Research"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref025","article-title":"Design of cold-formed steel structures","volume-title":"Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures. Part 1-3: Design of Cold-formed Steel Structures","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121100401992500_ref011","first-page":"143","article-title":"Safir, thermal\/structural program modelling structures under fire","volume":"42","year":"2005","journal-title":"Engineering Journal, A.I.S.C."},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2011.10.012","article-title":"Behaviour and design of cold-formed steel beams subject to lateral-torsional buckling","volume":"51","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Structures"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laim, L. (2013), \u201cExperimental and numerical analysis of the behaviour of cold formed steel elements in fire\u201d, PhD thesis, University of Coimbra, Coimbra.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2013.06.008"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref006","article-title":"Modela\u00e7\u00e3o num\u00e9rica de vigas em a\u00e7o enformadas a frio submetidas ao fogo","volume-title":"Congress on Numerical Methods in Engineering \u2013 CMNE","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020121100401992500_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1260\/2040-2317.2.1.1","article-title":"On the distortional buckling, post-buckling and strength of cold-formed steel lipped channel columns under fire conditions","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Structural Fire Engineering"},{"issue":"17\/19","key":"key2020121100401992500_ref019","first-page":"1463","article-title":"New proposals for the design of steel beam-columns in case of fire, including a new approach for the lateral\u2013torsional buckling","volume":"82","year":"2004","journal-title":"Computers & Structures"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref021","article-title":"Lateral-torsional buckling on carbon steel and stainless steel beams with lateral loads plus end moments in case of fire","year":"2010"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref013","first-page":"21","article-title":"Lateral torsional buckling of class 4 steel plate girders under fire conditions: experimental and numerical comparison","volume-title":"COST Action TU0904 \u2013 Benchmark Studies, Experimental Validation of Numerical Models in Fire Engineering","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref014","article-title":"Buckling analysis of cold-formed steel members using CUFSM: conventional and constrained finite strip methods","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-974X(98)00007-8","article-title":"Computational modeling of cold-formed steel: characterizing geometric imperfections and residual stresses","volume":"47","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Constructional Steel Research"},{"issue":"20","key":"key2020121100401992500_ref001","article-title":"Constru\u00e7\u00e3o em a\u00e7o leve","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of CMM \u2013 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Constru\u00e7\u00e3o Met\u00e1lica e Mista"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2020121100401992500_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2010.02.001","article-title":"On the mechanics of distortion in thin-walled open sections","volume":"48","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Structures"},{"issue":"6\/7","key":"key2020121100401992500_ref020","first-page":"416","article-title":"Parametric analysis of the lateral\u2013torsional buckling resistance of steel beams in case of fire","volume":"42","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fire Safety Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020121100401992500_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2006.03.007","article-title":"Cross section distortion due to cutting of cold-formed steel lipped C-section","volume":"44","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Structures"},{"key":"key2020121100401992500_ref018","volume-title":"Calculation Rules of Lightweight Steel Sections in Fire Situations","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Structural Fire Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/JSFE-12-2016-025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JSFE-12-2016-025\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/JSFE-12-2016-025\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:23:33Z","timestamp":1753395813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jsfe\/article\/7\/4\/365-387\/248949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/JSFE-12-2016-025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/jsfe-12-2016-025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2040-2317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2040-2317","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]}}}