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As a result, projects were rarely connected between departments, objectives were not aligned with strategic goals and there was a lack of citizen participation. This study aims to propose a framework to guide and support the design and implementation of a smart city.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Interviews with eight policymakers and one secretary of state are conducted to explore current decision-making processes, specifically, to understand if and how smart city strategies are designed and who their main contributors are. Based on these findings, an inductive thematic analysis of existing literature studies to inspire the steps of the proposed framework is performed. Finally, these steps are discussed in a focus group with nine smart city experts to characterize the guidelines comprehensively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Policymakers confirmed the lack of a standard method and approach to orient their smart city strategies. Results describe a flexible, participatory framework that envisions 12 steps divided into 4 phases with dedicated guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper integrates the plan-do-check-act cycle approach into the thinking for urban planning design. 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