{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:56:25Z","timestamp":1758819385108,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["LODJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leadership is a time-dependent process and a recent leadership research trend posits a central role of time-based variables. The dyadic tenure plays a keystone role in understanding leader\u2013follower dynamics, especially as regards leader ethics. In line with this, from a social learning theory perspective, the authors propose a model that explains how and when ethical leaders' behaviors influence subordinates' moral disengagement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>With a sample of 220 employees, the present study tests the conditional indirect effect of ethical leadership on followers' moral disengagement via instrumental ethical climate (IEC), using dyadic tenure as the moderator variable. The analyses were conducted with Hayes PROCESS macro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggested that IEC fully mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and moral disengagement. Thus, when followers perceive low levels of ethical leadership, they notice higher levels of IEC, which is positively related to moral disengagement. However, IEC perception only influences moral disengagement when dyadic tenure approaches the third year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper answers calls to include time-based variables in leadership studies. Hence, using dyadic tenure, this study gives support to previous propositions that were still awaiting empirical test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/lodj-01-2020-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T06:20:20Z","timestamp":1614838820000},"page":"548-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Becoming morally disengaged: how long does it take?"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-721X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nelson C.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"key2021060105430212300_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1108\/LODJ-01-2018-0015","article-title":"Linking ethical leadership and moral voice: the effects of moral efficacy, trust in leader, and leader-follower value congruence","volume":"39","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leadership and Organization Development Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2021060105430212300_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1108\/MRR-01-2018-0036","article-title":"Transformational leadership, trust, and follower outcomes: a moderated mediation model","volume":"42","year":"2019","journal-title":"Management Research Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2021060105430212300_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1108\/01437730710835443","article-title":"Leader-member exchange and attitudinal outcomes: role of procedural justice climate","volume":"28","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leadership and Organization Development Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2021060105430212300_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890902935878","article-title":"The HEXACO\u201360: a short measure of the major dimensions of personality","volume":"91","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"volume-title":"Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory","year":"1986","key":"key2021060105430212300_ref005"},{"key":"key2021060105430212300_ref006","unstructured":"Bandura, A. 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