{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T18:22:19Z","timestamp":1778178139040,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to clarify the influence of different CEO\u2019s political orientation (liberal\/conservative) and corporate political activity on ESG performance, considering contingencies related to CEO attributes and corporate governance mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a sample of 131 companies from the Standard and Poor\u2019s 500 index, this study employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fs\/QCA) to analyze combinations of conditions (i.e. configurations) that lead to greater ESG (i.e. environmental, social, and governance) performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drawing on the upper echelon theory and the theory of social exchange, the findings show that different CEO\u2019s political orientation (liberal\/conservative) can contribute to ESG performance, depending on the combination of conditions. Furthermore, the results emphasize the importance of corporate political activity as a core condition to enhance ESG performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taking a configurational approach, this study explores combinations of conditions that explain ESG performance, including CEO\u2019s political orientation and corporate political activities as antecedent conditions. 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