{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:32:29Z","timestamp":1773819149544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MEQ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The geographical location and the ambiance of the Coastline Mediterranean Countries (CMCs) advantageously present the region as a tourist destination with rich cultures. The paper aims to discuss this issue.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As such, this study investigates the dynamics of energy import and environmental quality in relation to international tourism development for nine CMCs over the period 1995\u20132013 using a pooled mean group approach.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Although the impacts of energy import, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (here as environmental quality) and GDP on international tourism receipts are observed to be significant and negative, international tourist arrival expectedly exerts positive and significant impact, all at the adjustment speed of 0.19. A heterogeneously robust Granger non-causality test further reveals a strong one-directional causal relationship from energy import to tourism receipts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The dynamics of the energy market amidst persistent evolution of new source(s) of energy would evidently play a significant role in the region\u2019s tourism sector. It then suggests policy direction to governments of the region and by extension the global tourism market.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>By providing insight into the nexus of environment, energy and tourism development, the current study is the first that addresses the concern in the context of the CMCs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/meq-05-2019-0101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T04:58:33Z","timestamp":1575003513000},"page":"665-682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Environmental quality and energy import dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Andrew Adewale","family":"Alola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kayode Kolawole","family":"Eluwole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Uju Violet","family":"Alola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Taiwo Temitope","family":"Lasisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Turgay","family":"Avci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Examining the causal relationship between tourism, exchange rate, and economic growth in tourism island states: evidence from second-generation panel","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2017.1381947","article-title":"Is there growth impact of tourism? Evidence from selected small island states","volume":"22","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Issues in Tourism"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1080\/13032917.2013.843467","article-title":"Estimating the tourism-led growth hypothesis: a case study of the Middle East countries","volume":"25","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anatolia"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/17583004.2019.1577180","article-title":"Carbon emissions and the trilemma of trade policy, migration policy and health care in the US","volume":"10","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbon Management"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.212","article-title":"The trilemma of trade, monetary and immigration policies in the United States: accounting for environmental sustainability","volume":"658","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1177\/0958305X18779577","article-title":"Agricultural land usage and tourism impact on renewable energy consumption among Coastline Mediterranean Countries","volume":"29","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy & Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s12134-018-0621-x","article-title":"The dynamics of tourism \u2013 refugeeism on house prices in Cyprus and Malta","volume":"20","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of International Migration and Integration"},{"issue":"25","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25789","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05502-6","article-title":"Renewable energy consumption in Coastline Mediterranean Countries: impact of environmental degradation and housing policy","volume":"26","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.139","article-title":"Dynamic impact of trade policy, economic growth, fertility rate, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on ecological footprint in Europe","volume":"685","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-9883(00)00050-5","article-title":"The relationship between energy consumption, energy prices and economic growth: time series evidence from Asian developing countries","volume":"22","year":"2000","journal-title":"Energy Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/10941665.2018.1557717","article-title":"The relationship between tourism, CO2 emissions and economic growth: a case of Mediterranean countries","volume":"24","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.104","article-title":"Toward a sustainable environment: nexus between CO2 emissions, resource rent, renewable and nonrenewable energy in 16-EU countries","volume":"657","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/1331677X.2017.1421994","article-title":"Making hotels more energy efficient: the managerial perception","volume":"31","year":"2018","journal-title":"Economic Research\/Ekonomska istra\u017eivanja"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5367\/0000000041895094","article-title":"Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: an empirical investigation for Greece using causality analysis","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tourism Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2012.02.014","article-title":"Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels","volume":"29","year":"2012","journal-title":"Economic Modelling"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref056","volume-title":"Amending Regulation (EU) No. 347\/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council","author":"European Commission","year":"2017"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref016","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of international tourism on energy consumption: empirical evidence from Turkey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Issues in Tourism"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/1368-423X.00043","article-title":"Testing for stationarity in heterogeneous panel data","volume":"3","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Econometrics Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(03)00092-7","article-title":"Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels","volume":"115","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"21","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1080\/00036840701335512","article-title":"Tourism, trade and growth: the case of Cyprus","volume":"41","year":"2009","journal-title":"Applied Economics"},{"issue":"14","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04750-w","article-title":"Estimating the role of climate changes on international tourist flows: evidence from Mediterranean Island States","volume":"26","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"33","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33611","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3324-0","article-title":"Testing the role of tourism development in ecological footprint quality: evidence from top 10 tourist destinations","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref021","first-page":"89","article-title":"Effects of real exchange rate volatility on tourism receipts and expenditures in turkey","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Management and Applied Economics"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2013.02.016","article-title":"Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: evidence from panel analysis of the European Union","volume":"38","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(01)00098-7","article-title":"Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties","volume":"108","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2307\/2297912","article-title":"Automatic lag selection in covariance matrix estimation","volume":"61","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Review of Economic Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287516667848","article-title":"The effects of tourism on economic growth and CO2 emissions: a comparison between developed and developing economies","volume":"56","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Travel Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0800800205","article-title":"Error-correction-based cointegration tests for panel data","volume":"8","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stata Journal"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref026","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.951","article-title":"A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross\u2010section dependence","volume":"22","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Econometrics"},{"issue":"446","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474156","article-title":"Pooled mean group estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels","volume":"94","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jup.2018.06.007","article-title":"Dimensions of energy security in small island developing states","volume":"53","year":"2018","journal-title":"Utilities Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1162\/003465302317331955","article-title":"Ethnic Chinese networks in international trade","volume":"84","year":"2002","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.139","article-title":"The role of globalization, real income, tourism in environmental sustainability target. Evidence from Turkey","volume":"687","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2019.06.040","article-title":"Renewable energy consumption in EU-28 countries: policy toward pollution mitigation and economic sustainability","volume":"132","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"12","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12605","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-04722-0","article-title":"Examining the impact of globalization in the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the case of tourist destination states","volume":"26","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/135048501750104114","article-title":"Causality between trade and tourism: empirical evidence from china","volume":"8","year":"2001","journal-title":"Applied Economics Letters"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2016.02.020","article-title":"Economics of tourism & growth for small island countries","volume":"55","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/jtr.1869","article-title":"Temporal Granger causality and the dynamics relationship between real tourism receipts, real income and real exchange rates in Malaysia","volume":"15","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2012.732044","article-title":"Small sample evidence on the tourism-led growth hypothesis in Lebanon","volume":"17","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Issues in Tourism"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00181-015-0944-9","article-title":"Tourism and growth in Lebanon: new evidence from bootstrap simulation and rolling causality approaches","volume":"50","year":"2016","journal-title":"Empirical Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref034","first-page":"71","article-title":"Energy cooperation between import dependent countries: cases of Italy and Turkey","volume":"16","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs"},{"issue":"11","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2009.06.007","article-title":"Diversification of oil import sources and energy security: a key strategy or an elusive objective?","volume":"37","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.03.012","article-title":"Role of renewable energy in China\u2019s energy security and climate change mitigation: an index decomposition analysis","volume":"90","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref037","unstructured":"WDI (2019), World Development Indicator, available at: http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/data-catalog\/world-development-indicators (accessed April 19, 2019)."},{"issue":"6","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0084.2007.00477.x","article-title":"Testing for error correction in panel data","volume":"69","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref039","author":"Wilson Center","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref040","unstructured":"World Tourism Organization. (2016), \u201cUNWTO Tourism Highlights\u201d, available at: www.e-unwto.org\/doi\/book\/10.18111\/9789284418145 (accessed April 19, 2019)."},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref041","unstructured":"World Tourism Organization (2018), \u201cUNWTO Tourism Highlights\u201d, available at: www.e-unwto.org\/doi\/book\/10.18111\/9789284419876 (accessed April 19, 2019)."},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.02.046","article-title":"The roles of international tourism and renewable energy in environment: new evidence from Asian countries","volume":"139","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2007.02.034","article-title":"Determinants of China\u2019s energy imports: an empirical analysis","volume":"35","year":"2007","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2167\/jost547.0","article-title":"Measuring national carbon dioxide emissions from tourism as a key step towards achieving sustainable tourism","volume":"14","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Sustainable Tourism"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref045","first-page":"231","article-title":"Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors","volume":"12","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(92)90104-Y","article-title":"Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: how sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?","volume":"54","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-7383(86)90037-X","article-title":"Resident attitudes toward tourism impacts in Hawaii","volume":"13","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"issue":"S1","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0084.0610s1631","article-title":"A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test","volume":"61","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.5367\/000000008786440175","article-title":"Tourism as an economic growth factor: a case study for Southern European countries","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tourism Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annals.2010.08.009","article-title":"Assessing the dynamic economic impact of tourism for island economies","volume":"38","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Tourism Research"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2013.12.007","article-title":"Tourism and economic growth nexus revisited: a panel causality analysis for the case of the Mediterranean region","volume":"42","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tourism Management"},{"key":"key2020041614055205100_ref054","unstructured":"WDI (2016), World Development Indicator, available at: http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/data-catalog\/world-development-indicators (accessed April 19, 2019)."},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020041614055205100_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2007.03.003","article-title":"A panel bootstrap cointegration test","volume":"97","year":"2007","journal-title":"Economics Letters"}],"container-title":["Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/MEQ-05-2019-0101\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/MEQ-05-2019-0101\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:57:51Z","timestamp":1753394271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/meq\/article\/31\/3\/665-682\/279124"}},"subtitle":["The tourism perspective of the Coastline Mediterranean Countries (CMCs)"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/MEQ-05-2019-0101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/meq-05-2019-0101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7835"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7835","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]}}}