{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T21:22:56Z","timestamp":1773436976583,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the years, International Organisations have started to look at Cross Border Higher Education (CBHE) with more attention, namely, at the impact and challenges entailed by this type of educational provision due to the emergence of low-quality offers and degree mills. This paper aims to discuss the role of these organisations in the development and promotion of CBHE and its quality assurance in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper conducts interviews using a previously drafted guideline with top-level managers of seven relevant international organisations involved in quality assurance at European and international level, namely, INQAAHE, EUA, ENQA, ESU, EQAR, ECA and EURASHE. It analysed the data collected using a grid created through the articulation of the guidelines\u2019 questions and the empirical data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The interviews\u2019 content analysis indicated that these international organisations are important stakeholders in the development of CBHE quality assurance in Europe, particularly through the promotion of cooperation and trust between the different actors involved in it. These organisations can assume two different roles: a Technical-Professional Role and a Community Building Role.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work\u2019s originality stems from the fact that at least to our knowledge there is no other empirical work so far on the role and the views of different international organisations on the challenges CBHE entails for quality at the European level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/qae-07-2024-0138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T01:28:39Z","timestamp":1736990919000},"page":"427-444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross-border higher education and quality assurance: the role of international organisations"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Higher Education Policies , Matosinhos, and Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences (DCSPT), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Higher Education Policies , Matosinhos, and Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Higher Education Policies , Matosinhos, and University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","place":["Portugal"]}]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011311174868600_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2013.03.209","article-title":"Transnational education: Benefits, threats and challenges","volume":"56","author":"Alam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia Engineering"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"2026011311174868600_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/1028315307303542","article-title":"The internationalization of higher education: motivations and realities","volume":"11","author":"Altbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Studies in International Education"},{"key":"2026011311174868600_ref003","volume-title":"On Markets, Autonomy and Regulation: The Janus Head Revisited","author":"Amaral","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026011311174868600_ref004","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cross-Border Higher Education and Quality Assurance: Commerce, the Services Directive and Governing Higher Education","author":"Amaral","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026011311174868600_ref005","first-page":"70","volume-title":"An\u00e1lise De Conte\u00fado [Content Analysis]","author":"Bardin","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026011311174868600_ref006","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o: Revista Da Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Superior","author":"Barreyro","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026011311174868600_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEBR.2016.075304","article-title":"Transnational education in the Gulf cooperation council countries: the challenges of internationalisation and quality in higher education","volume":"11","author":"Belarbi","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Economics and Business Research"},{"key":"2026011311174868600_ref008","volume-title":"Quality Assurance in Transnational Higher Education","author":"Bennett","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026011311174868600_ref009","volume-title":"European Higher Education and the Internal Market. 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