{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:43:02Z","timestamp":1754156582871,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SGPE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Internationalisation is one of the significant manifestations of the ongoing transformation of doctoral education. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the perspectives of Portuguese universities and doctoral students regarding the importance of internationalisation and the strategies to achieve it in doctoral education.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A sample of 118 doctoral programme websites from 27 universities (15 public, 12 private) served as the data source of university perspectives of internationalisation. Doctoral students\u2019 perspectives on the same topic were collected through 31 interviews, 27 conducted in seven focus groups and four individually, with first-year doctoral students from three Portuguese public universities. Content analysis was performed on the two sets of data.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>According to university and doctoral students\u2019 perspectives, internationalisation assumes an important role in Portuguese doctoral education and is being integrated through specific strategies. Strategies for attracting and recruiting international students appear to take a back seat compared to strategies which offer students international experience through immersion in international environments in their home institutions. While expressing the potential impediments, undesirable side effects and conditions that internationalisation must meet, students seem to take a critical stance towards it and towards the institutional strategies designed to promote it.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This paper addresses a topic which does not appear to receive much attention in doctoral education research and, to this extent, advances knowledge on the internationalisation of doctoral education.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/sgpe-12-2022-0078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T06:57:02Z","timestamp":1694069822000},"page":"399-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The internationalisation of doctoral education and the strategies to achieve it: the perspectives of Portuguese universities and doctoral students"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2016.1182481","article-title":"From product to process: the reform of doctoral education in Europe and China","volume":"43","year":"2018","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"The transformation of doctoral education: a systematic literature review","volume":"84","year":"2022","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"volume-title":"Study for the Committee on Culture and Education of the European Parliament on Internationalisation of Higher Education","year":"2015","article-title":"Internationalisation of higher education","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref003"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref004","first-page":"49","article-title":"PhD education \u2013 challenges and opportunities of Europeanization","volume-title":"European Universities in Transition: issues, Models and Cases","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/14675986.2016.1240506","article-title":"Interculturalising the curriculum: faculty professional development","volume":"27","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intercultural Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/13562517.2015.1022147","article-title":"Practice, problems and power in \u2018internationalisation at home\u2019: critical reflections on recent research evidence","volume":"20","year":"2015","journal-title":"Teaching in Higher Education"},{"unstructured":"Hasgall, A. and Peneoasu, A. (2022), \u201cDoctoral education in Europe: current developments and trends \u2013 based on the results of the 2021 EUA-CDE survey\u201d, EUA-CDE, Geneva, Switzerland, available at: www.eua.eu\/resources\/publications\/1017:doctoral-education-in-europe-current-developments-and-trends.html (accessed June 2022).","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref007"},{"volume-title":"Doctoral Education in Europe Today: approaches and Institutional Structures","year":"2019","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref008"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2013.07.008","article-title":"Developing human capital and research capacity: science policies promoting brain gain","volume":"82","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1057\/hep.2009.20","article-title":"The role of the state in the internationalization of universities in catching-up countries: an analysis of the Portuguese higher education system","volume":"23","year":"2010","journal-title":"Higher Education Policy"},{"unstructured":"Jones, E. (2019), \u201cIs it time to pursue \u2018interculturalisation\u2019?\u201d, Times Higher Education (THE), available at: www.timeshighereducation.com\/opinion\/it-time-pursue-interculturalisation (accessed July 2023).","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref011"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-38046-5_4","article-title":"Reforms of doctoral education in Europe and diversification of types","volume-title":"Structural and Institutional Transformations in Doctoral Education","year":"2020"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-89713-4_14","article-title":"Conclusion: doctoral education and training \u2013 a global convergence","volume-title":"Doctoral Education for the Knowledge Society","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref0141","first-page":"2","article-title":"Updated internationalization definition","volume":"33","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Higher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1028315303260832","article-title":"Internationalization remodeled: definition, approaches, and rationales","volume":"8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Studies in International Education"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref015","first-page":"75","article-title":"Is internationalisation of higher education having an identity crisis","volume-title":"The Forefront of International Higher Education: A Festschrift in Honor of Philip G","year":"2014"},{"volume-title":"Policy dimension - capacity building in the era of globalisation, work document presented at the 2019 Hanover Forces and Forms conference","year":"2019","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref016"},{"unstructured":"MEC\/MADR (2014), \u201cUma estrat\u00e9gia Para a internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o do ensino superior portugu\u00eas\u201d, available at: www.historico.portugal.gov.pt\/pt\/o-governo\/arquivo-historico\/governos-constitucionais\/gc19\/os-ministerios\/mec\/documentos-oficiais\/20140926-mec-internacionalizacao-ensino-superior.aspx","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref017"},{"volume-title":"Report from the 2016 CGS-NSF-DFG Workshop, Conference: Evaluating International Research Experiences for Graduate Students","year":"2016","article-title":"Evaluating international research experiences for graduate students","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref018"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-017-0224-z","article-title":"Internationalisation and migrant academics: the hidden narratives of mobility","volume":"76","year":"2018","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"volume-title":"Assessment of Doctoral Reforms Since 2005 \u2013 Systemic Meta\u2010level, Work Document Presented at the 2019 Hanover Forces and Forms Conference","year":"2019","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref020"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6209-569-4_1","article-title":"Introduction: converging practices in PhD education","volume-title":"Globalization and Its Impacts on the Quality of PhD Education: forces and Forms in Doctoral Education Worldwide","year":"2014"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-38046-5_3","article-title":"Governmental innovation policies, globalisation, and change in doctoral education worldwide: are doctoral programmes converging? Trends and tensions","volume-title":"Structural and Institutional Transformations in Doctoral Education","year":"2020"},{"volume-title":"Atas Do XII Congresso Internacional Galego-Portugu\u00eas De Psicopedagogia","year":"2013","article-title":"A internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da educa\u00e7\u00e3o no ensino superior em Portugal: um debate centrado nas novas estrat\u00e9gias e atividades","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref023"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13583883.2017.1305440","article-title":"Faculty-exchange programs promoting change: motivations, experiences, and influence of participants in the Carnegie Mellon University-Portugal faculty exchange program","volume":"24","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tertiary Education and Management"},{"unstructured":"S\u00e1, C., Sin, C., Pereira, F., Aguiar, J. and Tavares, O. (2021), \u201cEstudantes nacionais e internacionais no acesso ao ensino superior\u201d, Final Report, EDULOG, Porto, Portugal, available at: www.edulog.pt\/investigacao_projeto\/9 (accessed June 2022).","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref025"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref026","first-page":"129","article-title":"Comparative analysis of doctoral education in Europe","volume":"16","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of the University of Bucharest\/Political Science Series"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref027","first-page":"440","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis","volume-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in Applied Linguistics","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1057\/s41307-019-00135-3","article-title":"Attracting international students to semi-peripheral countries: a comparative study of Norway, Poland and Portugal","volume":"34","year":"2021","journal-title":"Higher Education Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2021.1916907","article-title":"International students in Portuguese higher education: who are they and what are their choices?","volume":"47","year":"2022","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"key2023111511250117700_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6209-698-1_1","article-title":"Doctoral education and training: a view across countries and disciplines","volume-title":"The Nurturing of New Educational Researchers","year":"2014"},{"volume-title":"Trends and Issues in Doctoral Education: A Global Perspective","year":"2020","key":"key2023111511250117700_ref031"}],"container-title":["Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/SGPE-12-2022-0078\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/SGPE-12-2022-0078\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:53:02Z","timestamp":1753397582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/sgpe\/article\/14\/3\/399-414\/353017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/SGPE-12-2022-0078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/sgpe-12-2022-0078","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-4686","2398-4686"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2398-4686"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2398-4686"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]}}}