{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:56:28Z","timestamp":1773928588884,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"FCT \u2013 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/05037\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05037\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT for the Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society \u2013 CERNAS","award":["UIDB\/00681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00681"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to identify the determinants of ESG-washing in the pharmaceutical sector, focusing on governance and management factors that influence companies\u2019 deceptive sustainability practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sample of 140 global pharmaceutical companies listed between 2016 and 2022 was analysed using the generalized method of moments system methodology to test the hypotheses related to governance and management variables affecting ESG-washing practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results reveal that ESG-washing is present in the pharmaceutical sector, with certain governance factors playing a significant role. Specifically, larger board sizes, female representation on boards and ISO 14001 certification are associated with an increase in ESG-washing practices. Conversely, the presence of experienced directors and higher investments in research and development are found to reduce ESG-washing tendencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stricter regulations and governance reforms are needed to prevent ESG-washing in the pharmaceutical sector. Investors and consumers should critically assess corporate sustainability claims.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Social implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ESG-washing undermines public trust, delays environmental interventions and weakens workplace ethics. Regulatory and societal pressure will increase, demanding authentic sustainability efforts. Persistent ESG-washing may damage the pharmaceutical industry\u2019s reputation, leading to stricter regulations and declining consumer confidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a novel contribution to the literature by examining ESG-washing determinants in the pharmaceutical sector. This area has received limited attention. The findings offer critical insights for regulators, investors, managers and civil society, aiding the development of effective strategies to mitigate ESG-washing and promote genuine sustainability efforts in the industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/srj-05-2025-0499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T09:45:31Z","timestamp":1773049531000},"page":"1159-1177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Governance and management drivers of ESG-washing in the pharmaceutical industry: an empirical analysis"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3166-8789","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adriana","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCAC, Polytechnic University of Coimbra Department of Accounting, , Coimbra, , and CeBER, University of Coimbra&gt;, Coimbra, Portugal","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2935-4115","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catarina Alexandra","family":"Neves Proen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra Department of Finance, , Coimbra, , and CeBER, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3833-0398","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCAC, Polytechnic University of Coimbra Department of Accounting, , Coimbra,","place":["Portugal"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6250-1113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Elisabete","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Coimbra Department of Finance, , Coimbra, ; Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 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