{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:23:19Z","timestamp":1754155399902,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3\/4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TPM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to highlight possible hidden risks when allocating multi-skilled human resources to teams working in a multi-project environment. Are allocation strategies maximizing the use of skills for each project, the only way to improve the chances of all projects being successful? What are the risks in this strategy? What are the available alternatives?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Simulation was used for different allocation strategies to evaluate, using two different metrics, the staffing of human resources in different projects. Three categories of companies were studied, and for each typology, virtual companies were created and several scenarios of collaborators, projects and tasks were simulated to evaluate the staffing process.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>It is shown that for different simulations, different allocation strategies and metrics are possible for evaluation and that there is no golden rule of staffing in organizations with multiple projects and with multiple skills collaborators. The staffing is very much dependent on the context of the company.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The numerical method provides general managers with a useful tool to enable a better distribution of staff collaborators in teams handling multiple projects that require multi-skilled human resources. This method can also be used to evaluate training needs and hiring strategies, as it presents an overview of all human resources skills and motivations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title content-type=\"abstract-subheading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>For academics, the methodology developed enables the study of characteristics of human resources, skills and motivations, which are interesting for team formation. To practitioners, the numerical method is a practical tool for staffing in multiple skills and multiple projects. This tool can also diagnose each company situation regarding current collaborators\u2019 skills and motivations, serving as a tool for training and for hiring.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/tpm-04-2016-0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,28]],"date-time":"2017-04-28T06:00:08Z","timestamp":1493359208000},"page":"110-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A trap of optimizing skills use when allocating human resources to a multiple projects environment"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0319-4475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2229-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7848-6552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio M.R.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2007.01.010","article-title":"Staffing a software project: a constraint satisfaction and optimization\u2013based approach","volume":"35","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"key2020120705065614700_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(99)00391-4","article-title":"A genetic algorithm for scheduling staff of mixed skills under multi-criteria","volume":"125","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"1\/4","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref003","first-page":"359","article-title":"Multi-skilled workforce optimisation","volume":"127","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"key":"key2020120705065614700_ref004","unstructured":"Heimerl, C.M. (2009), \u201cQuantitative approaches to the management of human resources in IT\u2013projects\u201d, Doktors der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Technische Universitat, Munchen."},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00291-009-0169-4","article-title":"Scheduling and staffing multiple projects with a multi-skilled workforce","volume":"32","year":"2010","journal-title":"OR Spectrum"},{"issue":"3","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2006.10.001","article-title":"Human resource management in the project-oriented company: a review","volume":"25","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"article-title":"A multiple criteria model to creating teams","volume-title":"Applications of Management Science","year":"2012","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref007"},{"article-title":"Organizing and staffing the project office and team","volume-title":"Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling","year":"2009","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref008"},{"issue":"2","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.21476","article-title":"An efficient metaheuristic for integrated scheduling and staffing IT projects based on a generalized minimum cost flow network","volume":"59","year":"2012","journal-title":"Naval Research Logistics (NRL)"},{"issue":"7\/8","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1108\/13527590510635134","article-title":"Influence of team composition and task complexity on team performance","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"Team Performance Management: An International Journal"},{"volume-title":"Monte Carlo Simulation","year":"1997","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref011"},{"key":"key2020120705065614700_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.06.130","article-title":"Classification of human- and automated resource allocation approaches in multi-project management","volume":"194","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia \u2013 Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref013","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Solving a new fuzzy multi-objective model for a multi-skilled manpower scheduling problem by particle swarm optimization and elite tabu search","volume":"64","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology"},{"key":"key2020120705065614700_ref014","unstructured":"Soares, D. (2012), \u201cAplica\u00e7\u00e3o da Metodologia de \u201cLean Management\u201d no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto\u201d, Master thesis, ISEP, Porto."},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-7863(96)00075-0","article-title":"Multi-project management-organizational structure and control","volume":"15","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref016","first-page":"384","article-title":"Managing the diversified team: challenges and strategies for improving performance","volume":"18","year":"2012","journal-title":"Team Performance Management: An International Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"key2020120705065614700_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(99)00031-6","article-title":"Does motivation affect performance via persistence?","volume":"10","year":"2000","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"}],"container-title":["Team Performance Management: An International Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/TPM-04-2016-0013\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/TPM-04-2016-0013\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:38:57Z","timestamp":1753393137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/tpm\/article\/23\/3-4\/110-123\/378528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3\/4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/TPM-04-2016-0013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/tpm-04-2016-0013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-7592"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1352-7592"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]}}}