{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:10:51Z","timestamp":1762506651358,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative study about features, services and networks offered by business incubators (BI) to encourage start-ups development in Portugal and Brazil. Recently, these countries have revealed several cases of well-developed entrepreneurial ecosystems and Brazil receive a special position on Latin America; besides comparative studies between European and Latin American countries are scarce. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 This study uses a qualitative research methodology to study the role of BI in creation and growing of start-ups in Portugal and Brazil. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The results do not reveal particular differences between Brazilian and Portuguese BI, except in international profile of tenants; in Portugal, probably due the market size, most of the firms born global or intend to internationalize. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 The BI results depend on the wide services provided, networking platforms and support provided by BI staff individually to their tenants. These remarks provide some clues to develop public policies suitable to entrepreneurial ecosystems. <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n \u2013 BI have a special role on supporting start-ups creation and growth and to provide technology transfer. They are also considered as a key element to guarantee entrepreneurial ecosystems in a regional level, this research provide some contributes based on a case study with eight interviews in Portugal and Brazil, and compare for the first time these two countries with similar culture but with different levels of development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/wjemsd-05-2015-0023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]],"date-time":"2015-09-28T06:52:54Z","timestamp":1443423174000},"page":"256-267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The role of business incubators for start-ups development in Brazil and Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Luisa Margarida Cagica","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simone Vasconcelos","family":"Galina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acs, Z.J.\n and \n Armington, C.\n (2004), \u201cEmployment, growth and entrepreneurial activity in cities\u201d, \n Regional Studies\n , Vol. 38 No. 8, pp. 911-927.","DOI":"10.1080\/0034340042000280938"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b2","unstructured":"Adkins, D.\n (2002), \n A Brief History of Business Incubation in the United States\n , National Business Incubation Association, Athens, OH."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aerts, K.\n , \n Matthyssens, P.\n and \n Vandenbempt, K.\n (2007), \u201cCritical role and screening practices of European business incubators\u201d, \n Technovation\n , Vol. 27 No. 5, pp. 254-267.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2006.12.002"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, A.J.\n and \n Ingle, S.\n (2011), \u201cRelationships matter: case study of a university campus incubator\u201d, \n International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research\n , Vol. 17 No. 6, pp. 626-644.","DOI":"10.1108\/13552551111174701"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Dajani, H.\n , \n Dedoussis, E.\n , \n Watson, E.\n and \n Tzokas, N.\n (2014), \u201cGraduate entrepreneurship incubation environments: a framework of key success factors\u201d, \n Industry and Higher Education\n , Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 201-213.","DOI":"10.5367\/ihe.2014.0205"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mubaraki, H.\n and \n Schr\u00f6dl, H.\n (2011), \u201cMeasuring the effectiveness of business incubators: a four dimensions approach from a gulf cooperation council perspective\u201d, \n Journal of Enterprising Culture\n , Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 435-452.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218495811000842"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali Ahmad, S.I.\n (2013), \u201cBusiness incubators and HTSF development: setting an agenda for further research\u201d, in \n Ray Oakey, A.\n , \n Groen, G.\n , \n Cook, P.\n and \n Sijde, V.D.\n (Eds), \n New Technology-Based Firms in the New Millennium\n , Vol. 10, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Burlington, pp. 119-140.","DOI":"10.1108\/S1876-0228(2013)0000010009"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergek, A.\n and \n Norrman, C.\n (2008), \u201cIncubator best practice: a framework\u201d, \n Technovation\n , Vol. 28 Nos 1\/2, pp. 20-28.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2007.07.008"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b12","unstructured":"Cuadrado Roura, J.R.\n , \n Qian, W.H.\n and \n Riggle, J.\n (2010), \u201cIncubation or business pull? Investigating the geography of US business incubators\u201d, \n Development Quarterly\n , Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 79-90."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b500","unstructured":"European Commission\n (2010), \u201cThe smart guide to innovation based incubators (IBI)\u201d, European Union Regional Policy, available at: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/regional_policy\/sources\/docoffic\/2007\/working\/innovation_incubator.pdf"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b15","unstructured":"European Commission\n (2014), \u201cHas the ERDF successfully supported the development of business incubators?\u201d Special Report, No. 7, European Court of Auditors, European Commission, Brussels."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimaldi, R.\n and \n Grandi, A.\n (2005), \u201cBusiness incubators and new venture creation: an assessment of incubating models\u201d, \n Technovation\n , Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 111-121.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4972(03)00076-2"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b18","unstructured":"Hansen, M.T.\n , \n Chesbrough, H.W.\n , \n Nohria, N.\n and \n Sull, D.N.\n (2000), \u201cNetworked Incubators\u201d, \n Harvard Business Review\n , Vol. 78 No. 5, pp. 74-84."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holtz-Eakin, D.\n , \n Joulfaian, D.\n and \n Rosen, H.\n (1994), \u201cEntrepreneurial decisions and liquidity constraints\u201d, \n RAND Journal of Economics\n , Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 334-347.","DOI":"10.2307\/2555834"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b20","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez Escobar, J.\n and \n Morales Guti\u00e9rrez, A.C.\n (2011), \u201cSocial economy and the fourth sector, base and protagonist of social innovation\u201d, \n Revista de Econom\u00eda P\u00fablica, Social y Cooperativa\n , No. 73, Special Issue, pp. 33-60."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b21","unstructured":"Knopp, L.\n (2007), \n State of the Business Incubation Industry\n , National Business Incubation Association, Athens, OH."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lalkaka, R.\n (2003), \u201cBusiness incubators in developing countries: characteristics and performance\u201d, \n International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management\n , Vol. 3 Nos 1\/2, pp. 31-55.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEIM.2003.002217"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.S.\n and \n Osteryoung, J.S.\n (2004), \u201cA comparison of critical success factors for effective operations of university business incubators in the United States and Korea\u201d, \n Journal of Small Business Management\n , Vol. 42 No. 4, pp. 418-426.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-627X.2004.00120.x"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b503","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f6fsten, H.\n and \n Lindel\u00f6f, P.\n (2003), \u201cScience parks and the growth of new technology-based firms\u201d, \n Research Policy\n , Vol. 31 No. 6, pp. 859-876.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(01)00153-6"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b25","unstructured":"Manan, H.\n (2000), \u201cTechnology business incubators \u2013 bringing technology to the market place, Malaysia\u201d, available at: www.waitro.org\/Publications\/Seminars\/China2000\/manan.htm (accessed January 19, 2015)."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b502","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters, L.\n , \n Rice, M.\n and \n Sundararajan, M.\n (2004), \u201cThe role of incubators in the entrepreneurial process\u201d, \n Journal of Technology Transfer\n , Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 83-91.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTT.0000011182.82350.df"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rice, M.P.\n (2002), \u201cCo-production of business assistance in business incubators: an exploratory study\u201d, \n Journal of Business Venturing\n , Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 163-187.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9026(00)00055-0"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b28","unstructured":"Scaramuzzi, E.\n (2002), \n Incubators in Developing Countries\n , infoDev Program, The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 1-54."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, M.\n (2013), \u201cA control group study of incubators\u2019 impact to promote firm survival\u201d, \n Journal of Technology Transfer\n , Vol. 38 No. 3, pp. 302-331.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-012-9254-y"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavoletti, E.\n (2013), \u201cBusiness incubators: effective infrastructures or waste of public money? Looking for a theoretical framework, guidelines and criteria\u201d, \n Journal of the Knowledge Economy\n , Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 423-443.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-012-0090-y"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b32","unstructured":"Westhead, P.\n and \n Storey, D.J.\n (1994), \n An Assessment of Firms Located On and Off Science Parks in the United Kingdom\n , HMSO, London."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wonglimpiyarat, J.\n (2014), \u201cIncubator policy to support entrepreneurial development, technology transfer and commercialization\u201d, \n World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development\n , Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 334-351.","DOI":"10.1108\/WJEMSD-03-2014-0008"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b34","unstructured":"Yin, R.\n (2009), \n Case Study Research: Design and Methods\n , 4th ed., Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L.\n and \n Aram, J.D.\n (1995), \u201cNetworking and growth of young technology-intensive ventures in China\u201d, \n Journal of Business Venturing\n , Vol. 10 No. 5, pp. 349-370.","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9026(95)00039-B"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_frd1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, M.\n (2005), \u201cThe evolution of the incubator movement in Brazil\u201d, \n International Journal of Technology and Globalization\n , Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 258-277.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTG.2005.007054"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_frd2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clausen, T.\n and \n Korneliussen, T.\n (2012), \u201cThe relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and speed to the market: the case of incubator firms in Norway\u201d, \n Technovation\n , Vol. 32 Nos 9\/10, pp. 560-567.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2012.05.004"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_frd3","unstructured":"EC\n (2002), \u201cBenchmarking of business incubators\u201d, final report, EC, Brussels."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_frd4","unstructured":"European Commission Enterprise Directorate General\n (2002), \u201cBenchmarking of business incubators\u201d, final report, ECEDG, Brussels."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_frd5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferguson, R.\n and \n Olofsson, C.\n (2004), \u201cScience parks and the development of NTBFs: location, survival and growth\u201d, \n Journal of Technology Transfer\n , Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 5-17.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTT.0000011178.44095.cd"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_frd6","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez Fern\u00e1ndez, M.T.\n and \n Blanco Jim\u00e9nez, F.J.\n (2011), \u201cIncubaci\u00f3n de empresas y soft landing empresarial en los paises socio mediterraneos\u201d, \n Economia y compettividad en el area euromediterranea\n , julho-agosto No. 861, pp. 161-174."},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_frd7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, J.\n , \n Cara\u00e7a, J.\n and \n Diz, H.\n (2010), \u201cDo business incubators function as a transfer technology mechanism from university to industry? Evidence from Portugal\u201d, \n The Open Business Journal\n , Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 15-29.","DOI":"10.2174\/1874915101003010015"},{"key":"key2020122004171983400_frd8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scillitoe, J.L.\n and \n Chakrabarti, A.\n (2010), \u201cThe role of incubator interactions in assisting new ventures\u201d, \n Technovation\n , Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 155-167.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2009.12.002"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/WJEMSD-05-2015-0023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/WJEMSD-05-2015-0023\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/WJEMSD-05-2015-0023\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T21:34:46Z","timestamp":1753392886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/wjemsd\/article\/11\/4\/256-267\/385709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/WJEMSD-05-2015-0023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/wjemsd-05-2015-0023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-5961"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2042-5961"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]}}}