{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T07:27:42Z","timestamp":1784446062773,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University through Research Group RGP-281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2017.2676238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T19:17:01Z","timestamp":1488395821000},"page":"4525-4536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Facial Expression Recognition Utilizing Local Direction-Based Robust Features and Deep Belief Network"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Md. Zia","family":"Uddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3479-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mehedi","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Almogren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atif","family":"Alamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed","family":"Alrubaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Fortino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4760973"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995458"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02230-2_23"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964972","article-title":"Realtime performance-based facial animation","volume":"30","author":"weise","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2009.2017629"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2005.863510"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2009.2038233"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383505"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.210"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X11423163"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"780","volume":"165","author":"minsky","year":"1969","journal-title":"Perceptrons An Introduction to Computational Geometry"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.98"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2008.2005597","article-title":"Expandable data-driven graphical modeling of human actions based on salient postures","volume":"18","author":"li","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2010.5543273"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-2614-5"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2370216.2370248"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2393347.2396382"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"872","article-title":"Robust 3D action recognition with random occupancy patterns","author":"wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"252","article-title":"STOP: Space-time occupancy patterns for 3D action recognition from depth map sequences","author":"vieira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Prog Pattern Recognit Image Anal Comput Vis Appl"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2010.5598646"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75175-5_57"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2011.5711485"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587807"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-3142(03)00081-X"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15558-1_17"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"148","article-title":"Comparison of PCA, LDA and GDA for palmprint verification","author":"yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Inf Netw Autom"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AMFG.2003.1240823"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2004.1301603"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2008.04.007"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DPVT.2006.32"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"585","article-title":"Automatic feature extraction for multiview 3D face recognition","author":"lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 7th Int Conf Autom Face Gesture Recognit"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383291"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Application of vision information to planning trajectories of adept six-300 robot","author":"tadeusz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 21st Int Conf Methods Models Autom Robot (MMAR)"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HRI.2016.7451865"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2003.821449"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2009.5373791"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(97)00070-X"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"370","article-title":"Robust facial expression recognition using local binary patterns","author":"shan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Image Process (ICIP)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2010.17"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2008.08.005"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4960694"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.172"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"1","article-title":"Real time hand gesture recognition using a range camera","author":"li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Austral Conf Robot Autom"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2008.4813326"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJISTA.2008.021296"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1","article-title":"3-D gesturebased scene navigation in medical imaging applications using time-of-flight cameras","author":"soutschek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Workshop on Time of Flight Camera Based Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71457-6_23"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1499","article-title":"Real-time hand pose recognition using low-resolution depth images","author":"mo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"529","article-title":"Hand gesture recognition using depth data","author":"liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Autom Face Gesture Recognit"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"476","article-title":"The SignSpeak project&#x2014;Bridging the gap between signers and speakers","author":"dreuw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Lang Resour Eval"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-5965(02)00076-0"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2003.1246815"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913478446"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ietisy\/e91-d.2.341"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471221317"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X\/14\/3\/306"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"8","article-title":"Face image analysis for expression measurement and detection of deceit","author":"bartlett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc 6th Joint Symp Neural Comput"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2015.12.001"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2006.03.017"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2015.12.016"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.26.2.527"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2014.6863132"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.1998.670949"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2016.2592520"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2002.804287"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.7.1527"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Representing face images for emotion classification","volume":"9","author":"padgett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2006.1706463","article-title":"Embedded face recognition based on fast genetic algorithm for intelligent digital photography","volume":"52","author":"kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Consum Electron"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.799905"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.893280"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"1","article-title":"A facial expression recognition system from depth video","author":"uddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc of worldcom"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9876.2005.00515.x"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"726","article-title":"Facial expression recognition using depth information and spatiotemporal features","author":"uddin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc ICACT"},{"key":"ref7","author":"ekman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Facial Action Coding System A Technique for the Measurement of Facial Movement"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.112"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-014-0537-4"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2013.05.025"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00002-5"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5540150"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247885"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.424913"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAS.2013.6704043"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"842","article-title":"Unstructured human activity detection from RGBD images","author":"sung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Robot Autom"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"14","article-title":"EigenJoints-based action recognition using Na&#x00EF;ve-Bayes-nearest-neighbor","author":"yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc of Work on Human Activity Understanding from 3D Data"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459282"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"591","article-title":"Maximum entropy Markov models for information extraction and segmentation","author":"mccallum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Learn"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/7859429\/07867858.pdf?arnumber=7867858","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:29:59Z","timestamp":1642004999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7867858\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":88,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2017.2676238","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}