{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:32:44Z","timestamp":1779906764840,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016YFB0800700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0800700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61672410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61672410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1536202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1536202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2016ZDJC-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZDJC-06"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["B16037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["B08038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B08038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ph.D. Grant of Chinese Educational Ministry","award":["20130203110006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20130203110006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2017.2692960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,12]],"date-time":"2017-04-12T18:28:47Z","timestamp":1492021727000},"page":"8284-8300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":264,"title":["From Cloud to Fog Computing: A Review and a Conceptual Live VM Migration Framework"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Opeyemi","family":"Osanaiye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongxing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim-Kwang Raymond","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mqhele","family":"Dlodlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Edge cloud: A new hybrid platform for on-demand gaming","author":"choy","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Are all games equally cloud-gaming-friendly? An electromyographic approach","author":"lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceeding of the 11th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games (NetGames)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491266.2491270"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECONW.2015.7328144"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NOF.2015.7333287"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Ubi-HealthTech.2015.7203325"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2287036.2287042"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1","article-title":"The fog computing paradigm: Scenarios and security issues","author":"stojmenovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Fed Conf Comput Sci Inf Syst (FedCSIS)"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"6","article-title":"Towards realizing video aware wireless networks","volume":"19","author":"foerster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intel Technol J"},{"key":"ref34","author":"magurawalage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aqua computing Coupling computing and communications"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECONW.2015.7328145"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD.2015.12"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2015.2485206"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"10","article-title":"Fog in comparison to cloud: A survey","volume":"122","author":"saharan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"202","article-title":"Improving video performance with edge servers in the fog computing architecture","volume":"19","author":"zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intel Technol J"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2015.7224698"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11227-5_22","article-title":"Smart human security framework using Internet of Things, cloud and fog computing","volume":"321","author":"sehgal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intelligent Distributed Computing"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INM.2015.7140467"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SEAA.2013.23"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-015-0327-y"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"139","article-title":"IP spoofing detection for preventing DDoS attack in Cloud Computing","author":"osanaiye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 18th Int Conf Intell Next Generat Netw (ICIN)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMAD.2014.7033259"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2015.7134091"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"14","article-title":"Fog data: Enhancing telehealth big data through fog computing","author":"dubey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ACM ASE BigData Social Inform"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2327587"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APNOMS.2015.7275447"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MedHocNet.2012.6257116"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-013-9516-8"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2822875"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2831347.2831354"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HotWeb.2015.22"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-016-1634-x"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2331675.2331679"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21837-3_67","article-title":"Security and privacy issues of fog computing: A survey","author":"yi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 11th Int Conf Wireless Algorithms Syst Appl (WASA)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2015.09.021"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2492705"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FiCloud.2014.83"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD.2014.58"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fog computing in body sensor networks: An energy efficient approach","author":"gia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Body Sensor Netw (BSN)"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"539","article-title":"Pre-copy and post-copy VM live migration for memory intensive applications","author":"shribman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro-Par 2012 Parallel Processing Workshops"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2451512.2451524"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIT\/IUCC\/DASC\/PICOM.2015.51"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Demo abstract: Energy management as a service over fog computing platform","author":"vatanparvar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ACM\/IEEE Int Conf Cyber-Phys Syst (ICCPS)"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"2","article-title":"FAST: A fog computing assisted distributed analytics system to monitor fall for stroke mitigation","author":"cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Netw Archit Storage (NAS)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2757384.2757398"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2109670"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPP.2015.59"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ATNAC.2014.7020884"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2325071"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2014.11.044"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2011.10.009","article-title":"Proactive process-level live migration and back migration in HPC environments","volume":"72","author":"wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Parallel Distrib Comput"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2012.86","article-title":"Eppa: An efficient and privacy-preserving aggregation scheme for secure smart grid communications","volume":"23","author":"lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"28","article-title":"A hierarchical distributed fog computing architecture for big data analysis in smart cities","author":"tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ACM ASE BigData Social Inform"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517326.2451524"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2002974.2002977"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.02.002"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD.2011.109"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1551609.1551630"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2363021"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2015.122"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview of fog computing and its security issues","volume":"28","author":"stojmenovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Concurrency Comput Pract Exper"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2015.173"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2677046.2677052"},{"key":"ref64","author":"roman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mobile edge computing fog et al A survey and analysis of security threats and challenges"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6400436"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPW.2012.19"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"1","article-title":"Security and privacy in cloud computing: A survey","author":"zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Conf Frontiers Intell Comput Theory Appl (FICTA)"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIT\/IUCC\/DASC\/PICOM.2015.274"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.01.010","article-title":"State-of-the-art, challenges, and open issues in the integration of Internet of Things and cloud computing","volume":"67","author":"d\u00edaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITST.2014.7038785"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.01.001","article-title":"Distributed denial of service (DDoS) resilience in cloud: Review and conceptual cloud DDoS mitigation framework","volume":"67","author":"osanaiye","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2015.08.005"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"166","article-title":"Applying SOFL to constructing a smart traffic light specification","author":"sulistiono","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Workshop Struct Object-Oriented Formal Lang Method (SOFL+MSVL)"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.02.020"},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fog computing architecture to enable consumer centric Internet of Things services","author":"datta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Consum Electron (ISCE)"},{"key":"ref107","first-page":"563","article-title":"Evaluating and modeling virtualization performance overhead for cloud environments","author":"huber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc of CLOSER"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peva.2012.09.003"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD.2013.17"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10665-1_23","article-title":"Cost of virtual machine live migration in clouds: A performance evaluation","author":"voorsluys","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int Conf Cloud Comput"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26148-5_39"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2806777.2806838"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.1867"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"40","article-title":"Optimized pre-copy live migration for memory intensive applications","author":"ibrahim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc ACM Int Conf High Perform Comput Netw Storage Anal"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2011.05.027"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"106","article-title":"Regression-based utilization prediction algorithms: An empirical investigation","author":"davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc CASCON"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2014.14"},{"key":"ref112","first-page":"1","article-title":"Challenges in dealing with politically exposed persons","volume":"386","author":"choo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice no 118"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2015.84"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2011.5958247"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2010.06.013"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470940105.ch18"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EUROCON.2015.7313736"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6295709"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2757384.2757397"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05029-4_7","article-title":"Fog computing: A platform for Internet of Things and analytics","author":"bonomi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Big Data and Internet of Things A Roadmap for Smart Environments"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AINA.2015.254"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"320","article-title":"Improving Web sites performance using edge servers in fog computing architecture","author":"zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 7th Int Symp Service Oriented Syst Eng (SOSE)"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fog Computing and Internet of Things Extend the Cloud to Where the Things Are"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDC.2016.7519890"},{"key":"ref16","author":"luan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fog Computing Focusing on Mobile Users at the Edge"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1618525.1618528"},{"key":"ref117","first-page":"156","article-title":"Fog computing dynamic load balancing mechanism based on graph repartitioning","volume":"13","author":"song","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Netw Technol Appl"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2342509.2342513"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MASCOTS.2010.13"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRI.2014.7051866"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"130","article-title":"Downtime-free live migration in a multitenant database","author":"michael","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 6th TPC Technol Conf Traditional to Big Data (TPCTC)"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147716665500"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805395-9.00004-6"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"273","article-title":"Live migration of virtual machines","author":"clark","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc USENIX Symp Netw Syst Design Implem (NSDI)"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6553679"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3PGCIC.2015.85"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2532863"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1508293.1508301"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.10.028"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MELCON.2016.7495388"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PDCAT.2012.111"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-016-0623-3"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEEC.2016.7835914"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BDCloud.2014.57"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"99","article-title":"Live and incremental whole-system migration of virtual machines using block-bitmap","author":"luo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Cluster Comput"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.09.031"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2014.6883775"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/7859429\/07896564.pdf?arnumber=7896564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:29:54Z","timestamp":1642004994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7896564\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":122,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2017.2692960","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}