{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:25:33Z","timestamp":1785511533561,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/legalcode"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xilinx Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECCS-1408006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-1408006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCF-1535897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCF-1535897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAREER CCF-1652065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAREER CCF-1652065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1717559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1717559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Xilinx Inc."},{"name":"U.S. NSF","award":["ECCS-1408006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-1408006"]}]},{"name":"U.S. NSF","award":["CCF-1535897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCF-1535897"]}]},{"name":"U.S. NSF","award":["CAREER CCF-1652065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAREER CCF-1652065"]}]},{"name":"U.S. NSF","award":["CNS-1717559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1717559"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Education of the Republic of Turkey"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA8650-18-2-7833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA8650-18-2-7833"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DARPA YFA D18AP00055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DARPA YFA D18AP00055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ONR N00014-17-1-2078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ONR N00014-17-1-2078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF CCF-1535902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF CCF-1535902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000879","name":"Sloan Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009450","name":"Kaute Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009450","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004181","name":"Nokia Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["299916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["299916"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2866979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,23]],"date-time":"2018-08-23T19:07:46Z","timestamp":1535051266000},"page":"47682-47698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Channel Charting: Locating Users Within the Radio Environment Using Channel State Information"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8950-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Studer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Medjkouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emre","family":"Gonultas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olav","family":"Tirkkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600655"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2011.2142270"},{"key":"ref33","author":"rappaport","year":"1996","journal-title":"Wireless Communications Principles and Practice"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-2458-0_2"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Dimensionality reduction: A comparative review","author":"van der maaten","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-C.1969.222678"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2013.2253153"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/26.837052"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-VT.1973.23543"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511841224"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2016.2604817"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2013.6472194"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289565"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316417744"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328098"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Channel state information fingerprinting based indoor localization: A deep learning approach","author":"gao","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2015.7390953"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2558659"},{"key":"ref24","author":"dahlman","year":"2011","journal-title":"4G LTE\/LTE—Advanced for Mobile Broadband"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep convolutional neural networks for massive MIMO fingerprint-based positioning","author":"vieira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 28th Annu Int Symp Pers Indoor Mobile Radio Commun (PIMRC)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6476878"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02391560"},{"key":"ref50","author":"golub","year":"1996","journal-title":"Matrix Computations"},{"key":"ref51","author":"nocedal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Numerical Optimization"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2012.2187914"},{"key":"ref58","author":"abadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"TensorFlow Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Systems"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"496","article-title":"Generalized autoencoder: A neural network framework for dimensionality reduction","author":"wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comp Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref56","author":"goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep Learning"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"546","article-title":"Supervised learning on local tangent space","volume":"3496","author":"li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Neural Networks"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"123","article-title":"Proximal algorithms","volume":"1","author":"parikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Found Trends Optim"},{"key":"ref53","author":"goldstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"A field guide to forward-backward splitting with a FASTA implementation"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/080716542"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328154"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-organizing networks for 5G: Directional cell search in mmW networks","author":"ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Pers Indoor Mobile Radio Commun (PIMRC)"},{"key":"ref40","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Physical Layer Procedures (Release 10)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7158274"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1601120"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1458284"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"483","article-title":"Accurate indoor localization with zero start-up cost","author":"kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 20th Annu Int Conf Mobile Comput"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2666779"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2173771"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2015.07.002"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"1666","article-title":"DeepFi: Deep learning for indoor fingerprinting using channel state information","author":"wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Wireless Commun Netw Conf (WCNC)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2011.2178495"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.092810.091092"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2013.2260813"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736761"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6515049"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2016.7422408"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zamm.19290090105"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2013.6655403"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2014.2310220"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2254442"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0071325"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440109462720"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-48"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"485","article-title":"Neighborhood preservation in nonlinear projection methods: An experimental study","author":"venna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Artif Neural Netw"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807213"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-5158-6"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielaam\/6287639\/8274985\/8444621-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8274985\/08444621.pdf?arnumber=8444621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T18:53:51Z","timestamp":1649444031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8444621\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":59,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2018.2866979","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}