{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:25:39Z","timestamp":1778599539325,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2868178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T18:40:46Z","timestamp":1535740846000},"page":"49192-49208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["A CSP\\AM-BA-SVM Approach for Motor Imagery BCI System"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9886-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahar","family":"Selim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal Mohsen","family":"Tantawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howida A.","family":"Shedeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/41468"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.826692"},{"key":"ref71","author":"m\u00fcller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Data Set IVa for the BCI Competition III"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2006.875642"},{"key":"ref76","article-title":"Multivariate features for multi-class brain computer interface systems","author":"hoang","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"195","article-title":"A comparative analysis of multi-class EEG classification for brain computer interface","author":"lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Comput Vis Winter Workshop"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2289860"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.02.005"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Classification of EEG motor imagery multi class signals based on cross correlation","author":"krishna","year":"0"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/2\/4\/001"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"Feature selection for clustering: A review","author":"alelyani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Data Clustering Algorithms and Applications"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.919125"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4941235"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"2391","article-title":"Filter bank common spatial pattern (FBCSP) in brain-computer interface","author":"ang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Joint Conf Neural Netw"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aa61bb"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"3128","article-title":"A multi-label classification method for detection of combined motor imageries","author":"lindig-le\u00f3n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Syst Man Cybern (SMC)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-017-1611-4"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2082540"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2177523"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ASP.2005.3128"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Decoding of wrist and finger movement from electroencephalography signal","author":"pal","year":"0"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Preprocessing and feature extraction for asynchronous multi-class noninvasive brain computer interface based on EEG signal","author":"alzu\u2019bi","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"3011","article-title":"Feature selection by independent component analysis and mutual information maximization in EEG signal classification","author":"lan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Joint Conf Neural Netw"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2082539"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.12.039"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2013.03.044"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.11.012"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-015-9469-7"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.10.025"},{"key":"ref67","author":"brunner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bci competition 2008&#x2014;graz data set b"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00055"},{"key":"ref69","author":"pfurtscheller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dataset III BCI Competition II"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.01.051"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2009.2035356"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCIAIG.2012.2237173"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1964-6"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-018-1821-4","article-title":"A new parameter tuning approach for enhanced motor imagery EEG signal classification","volume":"56","author":"kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"2412","article-title":"Spatially sparsed common spatial pattern to improve BCI performance","author":"arvaneh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process (ICASSP)"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00039"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Reducing execution time for real-time motor imagery based BCI systems","author":"selim","year":"0"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2178-y"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2018.02.011"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23730"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"BCI classification using locally generated CSP features","author":"park","year":"0"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9871603"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/2\/4\/L02"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2016.2587939"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"109","article-title":"Automatic selection of the number of spatial filters for motor-imagery BCI","author":"yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Eur Symp Artif Neural Netw -Adv Comput Intell Learn"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"1205","article-title":"Efficient feature selection via analysis of relevance and redundancy","volume":"5","author":"yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"One-versus-the-rest (OVR) algorithm: An extension of common spatial patterns (CSP) algorithm to multi-class case","author":"wu","year":"0"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2655542"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IHMSC.2009.55"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2016.10.015"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"2786","article-title":"Parallel convolutional-linear neural network for motor imagery classification","author":"sakhavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 23rd Eur Signal Process Conf (EUSIPCO)"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2008.4408441"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.895946"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2004.834627"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/7\/3\/036007"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2013.2268194"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2010.2077654"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/79642"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.06.001"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11076"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002920"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.10.002"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0399"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.12.039"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2016.10.007"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr077"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012450327387"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2009.09.007"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2005.66"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.11.007"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.06.045"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-006-9170-0"},{"key":"ref6","author":"pfurtscheller","year":"1998","journal-title":"EEG Event-related Desynchronization (ERD) and Event-related Synchronization (ERS)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/7032"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976603321891855"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1469","article-title":"Discriminative filterbank selection and EEG information fusion for brain computer interface","author":"kavitha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Symp Circuits Syst"},{"key":"ref86","author":"yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature-inspired Algorithms for Optimization"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Brain signals for brain-computer interfaces","author":"wolpaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain-Computer Interfaces Revolutionizing Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Entropy-based EEG time interval selection for improving motor imagery classification","author":"soleymanpour","year":"0"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2012.12.002"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120201211"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"33","article-title":"Detection of motor imagery of brisk walking from electroencephalogram","volume":"244","author":"yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.04.013"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02091-9"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"76","article-title":"Using combination of \n$\\mu $\n, \n$\\beta $\n and \n$\\gamma $\n bands in classification of EEG signals","volume":"4","author":"mirnaziri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Analytic common spatial pattern and adaptive classification for multiclass motor imagery-based BCI","author":"nicolas-alonso","year":"0"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2172210"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2236-5"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"405","article-title":"Efficient multi-label classification with many labels","author":"bi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 30th Int Conf Mach Learn"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8274985\/08452948.pdf?arnumber=8452948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T16:16:26Z","timestamp":1642004186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8452948\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":94,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2018.2868178","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}