{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:38:51Z","timestamp":1780043931408,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":193,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2871762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T21:29:35Z","timestamp":1537824575000},"page":"55053-55073","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Comprehensive Overview of Government Hacking Worldwide"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4036-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen-Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Cheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feipei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"San-Liang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingshown","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3177847"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3143361.3143400"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"239","article-title":"To pin or not to pin&#x2014;Helping app developers bullet proof their TLS connections","author":"oltrogge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 24th USENIX Conf Security Symp"},{"key":"ref174","author":"espiner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vodafone femtocell hack lets intruders listen to calls ZDNet"},{"key":"ref173","first-page":"29","article-title":"Defending your Android app","author":"sierra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 4th Annu ACM Conf Res Inf Technol (RIIT)"},{"key":"ref176","author":"ritter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Femtocell presentation slides videos and app NCC Group"},{"key":"ref175","first-page":"1","article-title":"Weaponizing femtocells: The effect of rogue devices on mobile telecommunication","author":"golde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc 19th Annu Netw Distrib Syst Secur Symp (NDSS)"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978393"},{"key":"ref177","first-page":"1","article-title":"Security for smart mobile networks: The NEMESYS approach","author":"gelenbe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Privacy Secur Mobile Syst (PRISMS)"},{"key":"ref168","first-page":"12s","article-title":"Android forensics: Automated data collection and reporting from a mobile device","volume":"10","author":"grover","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investigative Radiology"},{"key":"ref169","author":"hernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Support for latest IOS and android mobile devices Blackbag Technologies"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.138"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mobile Messenger Apps&#x2014;Statistics & Facts"},{"key":"ref33","year":"2017","journal-title":"App Stores Number of Apps in Leading App Stores 2017"},{"key":"ref32","author":"corpuz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Messaging Apps Tom&#x2019;s Guide"},{"key":"ref31","author":"casserly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Free Email Services 2017 Tech Advisor"},{"key":"ref30","author":"corpuz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best VoIP Apps for Your Desktop Tom&#x2019;S Guide"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-015-9208-1"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2478741"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2677046.2677048"},{"key":"ref34","author":"corpuz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Encrypted Messaging Apps Tom&#x2019;s Guide"},{"key":"ref181","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tor Onion Service&#x2014;Configuring Onion Services for Tor"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2792534"},{"key":"ref185","author":"marquis-boire","year":"2013","journal-title":"You only click twice FinFisher&#x2019;s global proliferation Citizen Lab"},{"key":"ref184","year":"2011","journal-title":"CCC |Chaos Computer Club Analyzes Government Malware"},{"key":"ref183","year":"2015","journal-title":"RCS 9 6 The Hacking Suite for Governmental Interception&#x2013;Technician Manual"},{"key":"ref182","author":"watson","year":"2017","journal-title":"How to set up a hidden tor service or Onion Website Comparitech"},{"key":"ref189","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Need for a Digital Geneva Convention&#x2013;Microsoft on the Issues"},{"key":"ref188","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cryptologic Bytes Archives&#x2014;Vulnerabilities in the Spotlight&#x2014;Vulnerabilities Equity Process (VEP)"},{"key":"ref187","author":"joyce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Improving and making the vulnerability equities process transparent is the right thing to do White House"},{"key":"ref186","year":"2015","journal-title":"7 Things You Need To Know About the Hacking Team&#x2019;s Leaked Mobile Malware Suite"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2017","journal-title":"Going Dark FOIA Documents&#x2014;Release 1 Part 1 Electronic Frontier Foundation"},{"key":"ref27","author":"caproni","year":"2011","journal-title":"FBI&#x2014;Going Dark Lawful Electronic Surveillance in the Face of New Technologies"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2601009"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Over-the-Top (OTTs) players: Market dynamics and policy challenges","author":"godlovitch","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance ATIS\/TIA J-STD-025-A"},{"key":"ref22","year":"2006","journal-title":"Statement of FBI Assistant Director Kerry E Haynes Operational Technology Division on Today&#x2019;s Court Ruling on VOIP"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Advisory Committee on International Communications and Information Policy Voice Over Internet Protocol Status and Industry Recommendations"},{"key":"ref23","year":"2004","journal-title":"Federal Bureau of Investigation Calls Cablelabs Release of Its Packetcable Electronic Surveillance"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Everyday dwelling with WhatsApp","volume":"14","author":"o\u2019hara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 17th ACM Conf Comput Supported Cooper Work Soc Comput (CSCW)"},{"key":"ref25","author":"dargue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Over the Top Operator Threat and Opportunity"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2013.253"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAHC.2015.29"},{"key":"ref154","author":"paganini","year":"2015","journal-title":"When Hackers Become Targets Infosec Inst"},{"key":"ref153","year":"2015","journal-title":"WikiLeaks&#x2014;The Hackingteam Archives"},{"key":"ref156","author":"knight","year":"2012","journal-title":"UK Malware Used Against Bahraini Activists|World|Breakings News and Perspectives From Around the Globe Deutsche Welle"},{"key":"ref155","author":"marquis-boire","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hacking Team&#x2019;s Tradecraft and Android Implant The Citizen Lab"},{"key":"ref150","author":"whittaker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drops Playpen Child Porn Case to Prevent Release of Tor hackt Justice Dept"},{"key":"ref152","author":"hern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hacking Team Hacked Firm Sold Spying Tools to Repressive Regimes Documents Claim The Guardian"},{"key":"ref151","author":"gallagher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Governments Turn to Hacking Techniques for Surveillance of Citizens|Technology The Guardian"},{"key":"ref146","author":"sullivan","year":"2001","journal-title":"FBI Software Cracks Encryption Wall&#x2014;Technology & Science&#x2014;Security NBC News"},{"key":"ref147","author":"poulsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Visit the Wrong Website and the FBI Could End Up in Your Computer WIRED"},{"key":"ref148","author":"valentino-devries","year":"2013","journal-title":"FBI Taps Hacker Tactics to Spy on Suspects&#x2014; Law-Enforcement Officials Expand Use of Tools Such as Spyware as People Under Investigation &#x2019;Go Dark ProQuest"},{"key":"ref149","author":"timberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"FBI&#x2019;s Search for &#x2018;Mo&#x2019; Suspect Bomb Threats Highlights use Malware for Surveillancet The Washington Post"},{"key":"ref59","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lawful Interception Standards"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"31","author":"rizzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lawful interception"},{"key":"ref57","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handover Interface for the Lawful Interception"},{"key":"ref56","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lawful Interception Architecture and Functions"},{"key":"ref55","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lawful Interception Requirements"},{"key":"ref54","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7708"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2016.68"},{"key":"ref40","author":"zetter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Everything We Know About How the FBI Hacks People"},{"key":"ref167","year":"2017","journal-title":"DarkSeaSkies v1 0&#x2013;User Manual"},{"key":"ref166","year":"2017","journal-title":"Weeping Angel&#x2014;Extending&#x2014;User Guide"},{"key":"ref165","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vault 7 CIA Hacking Tools Revealed"},{"key":"ref164","author":"kafka","year":"2017","journal-title":"ESET Finds Internet Providers may be Involved in Latest FinFisher Surveillance Campaigns"},{"key":"ref163","author":"valentino-devries","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surveillance Company Says It Sent Fake iTunes Flash Updates The Wall Street J"},{"key":"ref162","year":"2011","journal-title":"Finfisher Governmental IT Intrusion and Remote Monitoring Solutions&#x2014;Product Portfolio WikiLeaks&#x2014;The Spy Files"},{"key":"ref161","author":"meister","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gamma FinFisher Hacked 40 GB of Internal Documents and Source Code of Government Malware Published Netzpolitik org"},{"key":"ref160","year":"2014","journal-title":"WikiLeaks&#x2014;SpyFiles 4"},{"key":"ref4","author":"roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rule 41 Grants New Hacking Powers to FBI Fortune"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1592761.1592776"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2016","journal-title":"German Government to Use Trojan Spyware to Monitor Citizens"},{"key":"ref5","author":"baker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Police and Spy Agencies to Get Powers to Hack Into Your Mobile Phone Daily Mail"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act"},{"key":"ref159","year":"2011","journal-title":"WikiLeaks&#x2014;The Spy Files"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.158"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2009.138"},{"key":"ref157","author":"knight","year":"2012","journal-title":"German Spyware Business Supports Dictators|World|Breakings News and Perspectives From Around the Globe| Deutsche Welle"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2008.4454699"},{"key":"ref158","author":"blue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Top gov&#x2019;t Spyware Company Hacked Gamma&#x2019;s FinFisher Leaked"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.920616"},{"key":"ref45","author":"quinlan","year":"2016","journal-title":"A Brief History of Law Enforcement Hacking in the United States New America"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2002.989923"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2002.1016895"},{"key":"ref42","author":"anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Confirmed US and Israel created Stuxnet lost control of it"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2017","journal-title":"Government Hacking"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"58","article-title":"Government hacking to light the dark Web: What risks to international relations and international law?","volume":"70","author":"kerr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stanford Law Review Online"},{"key":"ref43","author":"moody","year":"2016","journal-title":"German Police Can Now Use Spyware to Monitor Suspects"},{"key":"ref73","author":"de la justice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bulletin Officiel Du Minist&#x00E8;re De La Justice"},{"key":"ref72","year":"2018","journal-title":"Code des Postes et des Communications &#x00C9;lectroniques&#x2014;Article L32"},{"key":"ref71","year":"2017","journal-title":"France Telecoms Media & Amp Internet 2018"},{"key":"ref70","year":"2018","journal-title":"Code des Postes et des Communications &#x00C9;lectroniques&#x2014;Article D98-7"},{"key":"ref76","year":"2004","journal-title":"Telecommunications Act (TKG)"},{"key":"ref77","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technical Telecoms Regulation"},{"key":"ref74","year":"2018","journal-title":"Code de Proc&#x00E9;dure P&#x00E9;nale&#x2014;Article 100"},{"key":"ref75","year":"2018","journal-title":"German Goverment &#x00C2;? 110 TKG&#x2014;Einzelnorm"},{"key":"ref78","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technical Guideline for the Implementation of Legal Measures for the Surveillance of Telecommunications and the Disclosure of Information"},{"key":"ref79","year":"2018","journal-title":"Section 12&#x2014;Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000"},{"key":"ref60","author":"sharp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cisco architecture for lawful intercept in IP networks"},{"key":"ref62","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"61","article-title":"Legal and technical standards for lawful intercepts","author":"hoffmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intelligence Support Systems Technologies for Lawful Intercepts"},{"key":"ref63","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Lawful intercept management modules and methods for LI-configuration of an internal interception function in a cloud based network","author":"amato","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref65","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref66","year":"2018","journal-title":"Overview of Legislation"},{"key":"ref67","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telecommunications ACT 1997&#x2014;SECT 313 Obligations of Carriers and Carriage Service Providers"},{"key":"ref68","year":"2015","journal-title":"Know Your Obligations Carriers and Carriage Service Providers Including Internet and VoIP Service Providers"},{"key":"ref69","year":"2018","journal-title":"Interception Capability Plans"},{"key":"ref193","author":"spring","year":"2016","journal-title":"Android ransomware attacks using towelroot hacking team exploits"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"203","author":"teufl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mobile Device Encryption Systems"},{"key":"ref94","author":"amir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Encrypted Email Services for 2018"},{"key":"ref190","year":"2018","journal-title":"NIST Computer Forensics Tool Testing"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2017.57"},{"key":"ref191","year":"2018","journal-title":"NIST CFTT Reports | Homeland Security"},{"key":"ref92","author":"forrest","year":"2016","journal-title":"WWDC 2016 Apple to Require HTTPS Encryption on all iOS Apps by 2017&#x2014;TechRepublic"},{"key":"ref192","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.596"},{"key":"ref90","year":"2017","journal-title":"National Security Statement | Prime Minister of Australia"},{"key":"ref98","year":"2017","journal-title":"World&#x2019;s 10 Biggest smartphone Companies | Gadgets Now"},{"key":"ref99","author":"prakash","year":"2018","journal-title":"6 Open Source Mobile OS Alternatives To Android in 2018 It&#x2019;s FOSS"},{"key":"ref96","year":"2017","journal-title":"Smartphone Growth Expected to Remain Positive as Shipments Forecast to Grow to 1 7 Billion in 2021 According to IDC"},{"key":"ref97","year":"2017","journal-title":"IDC Smartphone Vendor Market Share"},{"key":"ref82","year":"2016","journal-title":"UK Home Office Interception of Communications&#x2014;Code of Practice"},{"key":"ref81","year":"2018","journal-title":"Section 2&#x2014;Regulation of Investigatory UK Powers Act 2000"},{"key":"ref84","year":"2018","journal-title":"National Domestic Communications Assistance Center Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act Section 101"},{"key":"ref83","year":"2018","journal-title":"United Kingdom&#x2014;Telecoms Media and Internet 2018"},{"key":"ref80","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Maintenance of Interception Capability) Order 2002"},{"key":"ref89","author":"spring","year":"2017","journal-title":"US Top Law Enforcement Calls Strong Encryption a &#x2018;Serious Problem&#x2019;"},{"key":"ref85","year":"2018","journal-title":"National Domestic Communications Assistance Center Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act Section 103"},{"key":"ref86","year":"2018","journal-title":"National Domestic Communications Assistance Center Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act Section 102"},{"key":"ref87","year":"2018","journal-title":"Federal Communications Commission Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act"},{"key":"ref88","year":"2018","journal-title":"Apple Goes to Court and F B I Presses Congress to Settle iPhone Privacy Fight"},{"key":"ref101","author":"koops","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crypto Law Survey"},{"key":"ref100","year":"1993","journal-title":"NIST Proposes Voluntary Federal Standard for Key Escrow Encryption"},{"key":"ref127","author":"eder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Humanistische Union Publikationen Vorg&#x00E4;nge Online-Artikel Online-Artikel Detail Humanistische Union"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/juru-2017-0104"},{"key":"ref125","author":"beuth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Staatstrojaner Dein Trojanischer Freund und Helfer Zeit"},{"key":"ref124","author":"herpig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Germany&#x2019;s Crypto Past and Hacking Future LAWFARE"},{"key":"ref129","year":"2016","journal-title":"Decisions&#x2014;Constitutional Complaints Against the Investigative Powers of the Federal Criminal Police Office for Fighting International Terrorism Partially Successful"},{"key":"ref128","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bundesministerium der Justiz und f&#x00FC;r Verbraucherschutz German Government &#x00A7; 20k Verdeckter Eingriff in Informationstechnische Systeme&#x2014;BKAG"},{"key":"ref130","year":"2018","journal-title":"Interference in electronic equipment"},{"key":"ref133","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equipment Interference Code of Practice"},{"key":"ref134","year":"2016","journal-title":"Part 5 Equipment Interference&#x2014;Investigatory Powers Act 2016"},{"key":"ref131","author":"burgess","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investigatory Powers Bill What is the Snoopers Charter and How Will it Affect You? WIRED"},{"key":"ref132","author":"travis","year":"2015","journal-title":"U K Government Issues First Definition of Computer Hacking by Spies | World News | The Guardian The Guardian"},{"key":"ref136","year":"2017","journal-title":"DRAFT Equipment Interference Code of Practice"},{"key":"ref135","year":"2015","journal-title":"Factsheet-Targeted Equipment Interference Investigatory Powers Bill"},{"key":"ref138","author":"roberts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rule 41 Grants New Hacking Powers to FBI|Fortune Fortune"},{"key":"ref137","author":"granick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Challenging Government Hacking Whats Stake ACLU"},{"key":"ref139","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rule 41 Changes Ensure a Judge May Consider Warrants for Certain Remote Searches"},{"key":"ref140","year":"2016","journal-title":"Additional Considerations Regarding the Proposed Amendments to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure"},{"key":"ref141","author":"thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digital Searches and Seizures Overview of Proposed Amendments to Rule 41 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure Congressional Research Service"},{"key":"ref142","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rule 41 Search and Seizure|Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure"},{"key":"ref143","author":"poulsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"FBI's Secret Spyware Tracks Down Teen Who Made Bomb Threats"},{"key":"ref2","author":"bhatnagar","year":"2008","journal-title":"VoIP Wireless P2P and New Enterprise Voice over IP"},{"key":"ref144","author":"mccullagh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Judge OKs FBI Keyboard Sniffing WIRED"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1006966"},{"key":"ref145","author":"bridis","year":"2001","journal-title":"FBI is Building a &#x2018;Magic Lantern&#x2019; The Washington Post"},{"key":"ref109","author":"burack","year":"2018","journal-title":"German Federal Police Use Trojan Virus to Evade Phone Encryption | News | DW | 27 01 2018 DW"},{"key":"ref108","year":"2018","journal-title":"Skype Encryption Stumps German Police"},{"key":"ref107","author":"blankstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Judge Forces Apple to Help Unlock San Bernardino Shooter iPhone&#x2014;NBC News"},{"key":"ref106","year":"2017","journal-title":"Challenging Government Hacking in Criminal Cases"},{"key":"ref105","author":"greenwald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microsoft Handed the Nsa Access to Encrypted Messages"},{"key":"ref104","author":"kravets","year":"2015","journal-title":"U K Prime Minister Wants Backdoors Into Messaging Apps or He&#x2019;ll Ban Them | Ars Technica"},{"key":"ref103","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intelligence Committee Leaders Release Discussion Draft of Encryption Bill&#x2014;Press Releases&#x2014;United States Senator for California"},{"key":"ref102","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Government Doesn&#x2019;t Want Key Escrow"},{"key":"ref111","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979&#x2014;Sect 25A Computer Access Warrant"},{"key":"ref112","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crimes Act 1914&#x2014;Sect 3LA Person With Knowledge of a Computer or a Computer System to Assist Access Etc"},{"key":"ref110","year":"2018","journal-title":"ASIO&#x2019;s Special Powers"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2006.1611758"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Voice over IP: Setting phone service free","author":"middleton","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Spectr"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2017","journal-title":"Voice Over Internet Protocol Status and Industry Recommendations"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"The end of the public phone network","author":"cherry","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Spectr"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lawful Interception (LI) Cloud\/Virtual Services for Lawful Interception (LI) and Retained Data (RD)"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lawful Interception (LI) Handover Interface and Service-Specific Details (SSD) for IP delivery Part 1 Handover specification for IP delivery"},{"key":"ref16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lawful Interception (LI) Handover Interface and Service-Specific Details (SSD) for IP Delivery Part 5 Service-Specific Details for IP Multimedia Services"},{"key":"ref118","year":"2009","journal-title":"IT Security Vendors and Australian Police Embroiled in Technology Spat"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2005","journal-title":"Digital Broadband Cable Access to the Public Telecommunications Network IP Multimedia Time Critical Services Part 20 Lawful Interception Sub&#x2014;Part 2 Streamed Multimedia Services"},{"key":"ref117","author":"tung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Security Vendors to Block Aust Police Hacks | ZDNet ZDNet"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2005","journal-title":"Digital Broadband Cable Access to the Public Telecommunications Network IP Multimedia Time Critical Services Part 20 Lawful Interception Sub&#x2014;Part 1 CMS Based Voice Telephony Services"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2014","journal-title":"PacketCable Electronic Surveillance Delivery Function to Collection Function Interface Specification"},{"key":"ref119","year":"2018","journal-title":"Law Enforcement (Powers And Responsibilities) Act 2002&#x2014;Sect 75B Access to and Downloading of Data From Computers (Including Access to Computers Outside Premises the Subject of a Warrant)"},{"key":"ref114","year":"2004","journal-title":"Australian Government Federal Register of Legislation Surveillance Devices Act 2004 no 152"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-419970-5.00005-3"},{"key":"ref116","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telecommunications (Interception And Access) Act 1979&#x2014;Sect 46A Issue of Named Person Warrant"},{"key":"ref115","year":"2006","journal-title":"EFA Submission re Telec (Interception) Amendment Bill 2006"},{"key":"ref120","year":"2011","journal-title":"LOI n&#x00B0; 2011-267 du 14 Mars 2011 d&#x2019;Orientation et de Programmation Pour la Performance de la S&#x00E9;curit&#x00E9; Int&#x00E9;rieure&#x2014;Article 36"},{"key":"ref121","year":"2016","journal-title":"LOI n&#x00B0; 2016-&#x2013;731 du 3 Juin 2016 Renfor&#x00E7;ant la Lutte Contre le Crime Organis&#x00E9; le Terrorisme et Leur Financement et Am&#x00E9;liorant l&#x2019;efficacit&#x00E9; et Les Garanties de la Proc&#x00E9;dure P&#x00E9;nale&#x2014;Article 5"},{"key":"ref122","author":"vaciago","year":"2018","journal-title":"Online Searches and Online Surveillance The Use of Trojans and Other Types of Malware as Means of Obtaining Evidence in Criminal Proceedings"},{"key":"ref123","year":"2008","journal-title":"Decisions&#x2014;Provisions in the North-Rhine Westphalia Constitution Protection Act on online searches and on the Surveillance of the Internet Null and Void"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8274985\/08470931.pdf?arnumber=8470931","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T18:46:35Z","timestamp":1643222795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8470931\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":193,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2018.2871762","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}