{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:40:59Z","timestamp":1777574459096,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/USG.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DTRA-18681-M"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTRA-18681-M"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2873328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T19:52:41Z","timestamp":1542225161000},"page":"68782-68794","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Network Foundation for Command and Control (C2) Systems: Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2514-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Alderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maksim","family":"Kitsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Ganin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Linkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119288091.ch12"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using a low-fidelity wargame for training fleet-level command and control in the classroom","author":"waldenstr\u00f6m","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Command and Control Research and Technology Symp"},{"key":"ref33","author":"harzing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harzings publish or perish 5"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5711\/1082598318121"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2010.2048027"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501426102"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2011.052311.101613"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/VINE-07-2013-0038"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"The agile organization: From informal networks to complex effects and agility","author":"atkinson","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref34","year":"2017","journal-title":"Google Scholar"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08932"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"41022","article-title":"Mathematical formulation of multilayer networks","volume":"3","author":"de domenico","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Rev X"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23789689.2017.1294859"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3597010"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199206650.001.0001"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"ORA user&#x2019;s guide 2017","author":"altman","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19540","article-title":"Operational resilience: Concepts, design and analysis","volume":"6","author":"ganin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.97.012309"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"1","article-title":"Connections between communications and social networks using ELICIT","author":"chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2014.07.001"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Integration of communication and social network modeling platforms using ELICIT and the wireless emulation laboratory","author":"chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comnet\/cnu016"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modelling of command and control agility","author":"oosthuizen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intense collaboration: Human and technical requirements for agile C2","author":"bowman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2007.4454793"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MilCIS.2015.7348945"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing command and control system vulnerabilities in underdeveloped, degraded and denied operational environments","author":"oosthuizen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Command and Control Research and Technology Symp"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"225","article-title":"Supporting distributed planning in a dynamic environment: An observational study in operating room management","author":"johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 21st Eur Conf Hum Decis Making Control"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Functional impacts of network-centric operations on future C2","author":"dodd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Decision making for resilience within the context of network centric operations","author":"collier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Extending C2 frameworks for modeling and trials: A novel approach to assessing technology insertion","author":"armenis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Autonomous workflow reconstruction for command and control experimentation","author":"allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Policy challenges of accelerating technological change: Security policy and strategy implications of parallel scientific revolutions","author":"kadtke","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","author":"alberts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Power to the Edge Command Control in the Information Age"},{"key":"ref3","author":"walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Command and Control The Sociotechnical Perspective"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es403443n"},{"key":"ref5","author":"alberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Understanding Command and Control"},{"key":"ref8","author":"alberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"NATO NEC C2 Maturity Model"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"The implications of complex adaptive systems theory for C2","author":"grisogono","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCIS.2013.058171"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2016.02.016"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"82","article-title":"On evolution of C2 network topology","author":"huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref45","author":"nambisan","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Global Brain Your Roadmap for Innovating Faster and Smarter in a Networked World"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14751798.2011.578716"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"The warfighter associate: Objective and automated metrics for mission command","author":"buchler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"All the ships that never sailed: A general model of transnational illicit market suppression","author":"blair","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"333","article-title":"Occupying the information high ground: Chinese capabilities for computer network operations and cyber espionage","volume":"21","author":"krekel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Comput Res"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1","article-title":"C2 that! Command and control over post-industrial armed forces","author":"de spiegeleire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref43","author":"birkinshaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reinventing Management Smarter Choices for Getting Work Done"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605000311"},{"key":"ref126","article-title":"Graph theoretical analysis of network centric operations using multi-layer models","author":"wong-jiru","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref125","first-page":"1","article-title":"Command & control in virtual environments: Tailoring software agents to emulate specific people","author":"wynn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Command and Control Research and Technology Symp"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2011.642006"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"1","article-title":"Investigating virtual social networking in the military domain","author":"crebolder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"An agent-based optimization framework for engineered complex adaptive systems with application to demand response in electricity markets","author":"haghnevis","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1548512911428457"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713682750"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:20050457"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2363161"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"1","article-title":"Testing edge versus hierarchical C2 organizations using the ELICIT platform and common identification picture tool","author":"joglar-espinosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Go team experimentation results: Research, train and sustain. Human dimensions of NCW sub-task report","author":"hasan","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITST.2008.4740300"},{"key":"ref75","article-title":"Team modelling: Survey of experimental platforms","author":"go","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"More than a capable mariner: Meeting the challenges of command at sea&#x2013;views from the bridge","author":"brown","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"1","article-title":"A trust based framework for information sharing behavior in command and control environments","author":"chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 22nd Annu Conf Behav Represent Modeling Simulation"},{"key":"ref60","article-title":"A defense framework against denial-of-service in computer networks","author":"khattab","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"Network on chip based multiprocessor system on chip for wireless software defined cognitive radio","author":"taj","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref61","author":"chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future heterogeneous networks"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Modeling network traffic on a global network-centric system with artificial neural networks","author":"swift","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Web-oriented architecture&#x2014;Network-based defence development made easier keywords","author":"fidjeland","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Optimization of spectrum allocation in cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access networks","author":"zhang","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JTECHA1296.1"},{"key":"ref67","author":"tate","year":"2010","journal-title":"IBM B-Type Data Center Networking Design and Best Practices Introduction"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"95","article-title":"The spatiality of control. ICT and physical space in social protest","volume":"2","author":"craviolini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Crit Stud Bus Soc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220701635470"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2016.04.003"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-007-0097-5"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-5037-4"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"1","article-title":"C2 failures: A taxonomy and analysis","author":"vassiliou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Command and Control Research and Technology Symp"},{"key":"ref108","author":"bosse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information Fusion and Analytics for Big Data and Iot"},{"key":"ref94","article-title":"The network centric warrior: The human dimension of network centric warfare","author":"warne","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:20050462"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Coping with social and cultural variables in c2 modelling for networked enabled forces","author":"mathieson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref106","first-page":"192","article-title":"A dynamic optimization model on decision-makers and decision-layers structure (DODDS) in C2-organization","volume":"18","author":"feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Model New Technol"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226237015.001.0001","author":"spinuzzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"All Edge Inside the New Workplace Networks"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analyzing mission impacts of cyber actions (AMICA)","author":"noel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Workshop Cyber Attack Detection Forensics Attribution Assessment Mission Impact"},{"key":"ref91","author":"alexander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Facilities Management Innovation and Performance"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Fighting the network: MANET management in support of littoral operations","author":"maupin","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14751790701254474"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b21038","author":"weldon","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Future X Network A Bell Labs Perspective"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of trust on security and performance in tactical networks","author":"chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.21325"},{"key":"ref112","article-title":"System importance measures: A new approach to resilient systems-of-systems","author":"uday","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref110","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trade-offs between command and control architectures and force capabilities using battlespace awareness","author":"tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2008.02.016"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5973.2010.00604.x"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"Organizations, technology, and network risks: How and why organizations use technology to counter or cloak their human network vulnerabilities","author":"drozdova","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"Human and organizational risk modeling: Critical personnel and leadership in network organizations","author":"schreiber","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA631225"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3934\/nhm.2006.1.569","article-title":"The many facets of Internet topology and traffic","volume":"1","author":"alderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Netw Heterogeneous Media"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012583099"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"28","article-title":"Network-centric warfare: Its origin and future","volume":"124","author":"cebrowski","year":"1998","journal-title":"US Naval Institute Proceedings"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"A taxonomy of network centric warfare architectures","author":"dekker","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"3D data management: Controlling data volume, velocity, and variety","volume":"70","author":"laney","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref118","first-page":"1","article-title":"WESTT (workload, error, situational awareness, time and teamwork): An analytical prototyping software tool for C2","author":"houghton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Network-centric warfare-its nature and modelling","author":"fewell","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"Creating SOF networks: The role of NATO special operations as a testing ground for SOF integration","author":"gates","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2008.05.003"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2007.01.007"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2013.08.004"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01443570910925352"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"145","article-title":"Supporting strategic enterprise processes: An analysis of various architectural frameworks","volume":"6","author":"mykityshyn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inf Knowl Syst Manage"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.09.011"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toward adaptive infrastructure: Flexibility and agility in a non-stationarity age","author":"chester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain Resilient Infrastruct"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"1","article-title":"From traditional knowledge management in hierarchical organizations to a network centric paradigm for a changing world","volume":"11","author":"crawford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"key":"ref114","article-title":"Enabling supply networks with collaborative information infrastructures","author":"n\u00f8kkentved","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref113","first-page":"640-1","article-title":"A system-of-systems approach for assessing the resilience of reconfigurable command and con- trol networks","author":"tran","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIAA SciTech Forum"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2010.544340"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"1","article-title":"Information experimentation in command and control","author":"persson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130903171672"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1046499"},{"key":"ref89","article-title":"Mission command: Retooling the leadership paradigm for homeland security crisis response?","author":"cocker","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref121","author":"shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Networking for Business - Choosing the Right Tools and Resources to Fit Your Needs"},{"key":"ref122","author":"stanton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digitising Command and Control A Human Factors and Ergonomics Analysis of Mission Planning and Battlespace Management"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human trust in networks","author":"bowman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Int Command Control Res Technol Symp (ICCRTS)"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-016-9478-9"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"135","article-title":"Experimental studies in a reconfigurable C4 test-bed for network enabled capability","author":"stanton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc IEE MOD HFI DTC Symp People Syst Design"},{"key":"ref87","article-title":"Traveling of requirements in the development of packaged software: An investigation of work design and uncertainty","author":"gregory","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"75","article-title":"An analysis of the command and control arrangements in two recent operations","author":"burnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Australian Defense Force Journal"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8274985\/08535018.pdf?arnumber=8535018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T04:42:17Z","timestamp":1643258537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8535018\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":129,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2018.2873328","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}