{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T05:58:13Z","timestamp":1783749493097,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005417","name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004055","name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2873770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T19:11:32Z","timestamp":1538680292000},"page":"58012-58029","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Applications of Metaheuristics in Reservoir Computing Techniques: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1178-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abubakar","family":"Bala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idris","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosdiazli","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4796-0581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadiq M.","family":"Sait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-32494-1_4"},{"key":"ref38","author":"rechenberg","year":"1973","journal-title":"Evolutionsstrategie—Optimierung Technischer Systeme nach Prinzipien der Biologischen Evolution"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-7744-1_2"},{"key":"ref32","author":"luke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Essentials of Metaheuristics"},{"key":"ref31","author":"sait","year":"1999","journal-title":"Iterative Computer Algorithms with Applications in Engineering Solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2009.01-09-947"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2009.5178654"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"685","article-title":"PSO for reservoir computing optimization","author":"sergio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Artif Neural Netw"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5815\/ijisa.2012.07.03"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00175354"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2007.04.016"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCICA.2006.1712919"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"471","article-title":"The introduction of time-scales in reservoir computing, applied to isolated digits recognition","author":"schrauwen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Artif Neural Netw"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.01.029"},{"key":"ref22","volume":"5","author":"jaeger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tutorial on Training Recurrent Neural Networks Covering BPPT RTRL EKF and the ‘Echo State Network’ Approach"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2012.07.005"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2011.6033233"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35289-8_36","article-title":"A practical guide to applying echo state networks","author":"luko\u0161evi?ius","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Networks Tricks of the Trade"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2017.7978893"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/conm\/443\/08555"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJICC-02-2014-0005"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2014.6889681"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIRA.2009.5423207"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10684-2_28"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.A071278"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IHMSC.2013.48"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/004017004000000509"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEV.2013.6572692"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1723","article-title":"Modeling of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles using optimized echo state networks","author":"zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 8th World Congr Intell Control Automat (WCICA)"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1068009.1068315"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2007.04.014"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNSC.2010.5461516"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-6670(17)31978-X"},{"key":"ref4","author":"yegnanarayana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Artificial Neural Networks"},{"key":"ref3","volume":"3","author":"haykin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neural Networks and Learning Machines"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"522","article-title":"A learning algorithm for Boltzmann machines","author":"ackley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Readings in Computer Vision"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4249\/scholarpedia.1977"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2009.03.005"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127647","article-title":"Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks","volume":"313","author":"hinton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10677-4_2"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.1992.230622"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2009.4983292"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/106365603321828970"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2014.02.001"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MHS.1995.494215"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"278","article-title":"Unsupervised learning of echo state networks: A case study in artificial embryogeny","author":"devert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Artif Evol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANS.2004.1405751"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"215","article-title":"Supervised and evolutionary learning of echo state networks","author":"jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Parallel Problem Solving Nature"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"569","article-title":"Efficient reinforcement learning through evolving neural network topologies","author":"stanley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc 4th Annu Conf Genetic Evol Comput"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2006.885113"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-014-9255-2","article-title":"An insight into extreme learning machines: Random neurons, random features and kernels","volume":"6","author":"huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognit Comput"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2016.08.028"},{"key":"ref124","first-page":"789","article-title":"Artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization algorithm for solving constrained optimization problems","author":"karaboga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc World Congr"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2017.210"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICTA.2017.94"},{"key":"ref129","first-page":"40","article-title":"Encoding time series as images for visual inspection and classification using tiled convolutional neural networks","volume":"1","author":"wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 29th AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.01.049","article-title":"PSO-based analysis of echo state network parameters for time series forecasting","volume":"55","author":"chouikhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000016"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.10.019"},{"key":"ref76","author":"anderson-cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Practical Genetic Algorithms"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2008.09.020"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Direct adaptive control: An echo state network and genetic algorithm approach","volume":"3","author":"xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Joint Conf Neural Netw (IJCNN)"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jaiscr-2018-0010"},{"key":"ref75","author":"holland","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems An Introductory Analysis With Applications to Biology Control and Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2005.846106"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976600300015565"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2012.05.026"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HIS.2008.61"},{"key":"ref132","first-page":"1","article-title":"Time series forecasting using Holt–Winters exponential smoothing","author":"kalekar","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2015.08.010"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2012.11.011"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2011.02.002"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2016.03.003"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.01.088"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0364-0213(90)90002-E"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2003.821103"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NaBIC.2014.6921880"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.06.003"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2015.504"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2016.7727232"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2323127"},{"key":"ref65","author":"chouikhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hierarchical bi-level multi-objective evolution of single- and multi-layer echo state network autoencoders for data representations"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"101","article-title":"Directional varying scale approximations for anisotropic signal processing","author":"katkovnik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 12th Eur Signal Process Conf"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2016.2533545"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/080724265"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ChiCC.2016.7554455"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67669-2_2"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2010.2089641"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBIC.2018.093328"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02478259"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app7040353"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2018.04.007"},{"key":"ref1","volume":"1","author":"schalkoff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Artificial Neural Networks"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2008.919004"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rpg.2017.0046"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/493248"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2005.04.005"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.04.078"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2017.8330981"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2016.2514275"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2011.06.004"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ChiCC.2017.8027980"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIAS.2018.8540609"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.11.062"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.08.023"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003754970107600201"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12538-6_6","article-title":"A new metaheuristic bat-inspired algorithm","author":"yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO)"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78295-7_1"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCT.2017.8359673"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPHM.2012.6299524"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2015.2479117"},{"key":"ref96","article-title":"Prognostic of RUL based on echo state network optimized by artificial bee colony","volume":"7","author":"amaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Conf Prognostics Health Manage"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-007-9149-x"},{"key":"ref10","author":"gers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Learning to forget Continual prediction with lstm"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"13","article-title":"The ‘echo state’ approach to analysing and training recurrent neural networks—With an Erratum note","author":"jaeger","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976602760407955"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004220050182"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2004.1380039"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-012-0204-5","article-title":"Reservoir computing trends","volume":"26","author":"luko\u0161evi?ius","year":"2012","journal-title":"KI-Künstliche Intell"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCEA.2010.195"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.01.007"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"471","article-title":"An overview of reservoir computing: theory, applications and implementations","author":"schrauwen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc 15th Eur Symp Artif Neural Netw"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2005.01.006"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-8352(02)00036-0"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Overview of reservoir recipes","author":"luko\u0161evi?ius","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.01.053"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9781848162778_0008"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/009053604000000067"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-017-9450-z","article-title":"Training echo state networks with regularization through dimensionality reduction","volume":"9","author":"l\u00f8kse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognit Comput"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"1182","article-title":"The application of liquid state machines in robot path planning","volume":"4","author":"yanduo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Comput"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"671","article-title":"Neuroevolution with analog genetic encoding","author":"d\u00fcrr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parallel Problem Solving from Nature"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en81112317"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2008.2006628"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2485943"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2009.2015956"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.04.047"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"255","article-title":"Echo state network for the remaining useful life prediction of a turbofan engine","author":"rigamonti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Annu Conf Prognostics Health Manage Soc"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2012.6252771"},{"key":"ref122","first-page":"2938","article-title":"The modified differential evolution and the RBF (MDE-RBF) neural network for time series prediction","author":"dhahri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Joint Conf Neural Netw (IJCNN)"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCCM.2013.6648902"},{"key":"ref85","author":"ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Deep-ESN A multiple projection-encoding hierarchical reservoir computing framework"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2016.01.004"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2013.6561303"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8274985\/08481347.pdf?arnumber=8481347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T17:05:24Z","timestamp":1643216724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8481347\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":145,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2018.2873770","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}