{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T09:56:23Z","timestamp":1770285383685,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51767001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51767001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2018.2879996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T22:00:21Z","timestamp":1541800821000},"page":"69023-69035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A Survey on Power Grid Cyber Security: From Component-Wise Vulnerability Assessment to System-Wide Impact Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xiaoge","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6181-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sampled values packet loss impact on IEC 61850 distance relay performance","author":"ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Innov Smart Grid Technol (ISGT-ASIA)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NOTERE.2015.7293513"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"141","article-title":"Smart grid DNP3 vulnerability analysis and experimentation","author":"darwish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 2nd Int Conf Cyber Secur Cloud Comput"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"227","article-title":"DNPSec: Distributed network protocol version 3 (DNP3) security framework","author":"majdalawieh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Advances in Computer Information and Systems Sciences and Engineering"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1248","article-title":"PROFIBUS-based reading method of smart meter&#x2019;s data","volume":"33","author":"cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis and simulation of dynamic performance of PMU according to IEEE C37.118.1-2011 standard","author":"agostini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Develop Power Syst Protection (DPSP)"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"142","article-title":"Formal security assessment of Modbus protocol","author":"nardone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2008.4596147"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"122","article-title":"Cyber threats and intrusion detection for MODBUS-based SCADA system","volume":"53","author":"lv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Eng Appl"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"78","article-title":"Study on data security in industrial control system through modbus RTU protocol vulnerability attack","author":"wi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Symp Korean Inst Commun Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2010.49"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.04.038"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review on cyber vulnerabilities of communication protocols in industrial control systems","author":"xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Energy Internet Energy Syst Integr (EI2)"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"The importance of testing smart grid IEDs against security vulnerabilities","author":"weerathunga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Annu Conf Protective Relay Eng (CPRE)"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2012.2189792","article-title":"Cyber&#x2013;physical systems: A perspective at the centennial","volume":"100","author":"kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"ref21","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2010.2045906"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2165269"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2016.2593021"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"76","author":"kirschen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fundamentals of Power System Economics"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT-Asia.2016.7796463"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2016.0828"},{"key":"ref50","year":"2013","journal-title":"Understanding Denial of Service Attacks"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MoWNet.2017.8045959"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2016.08.022"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.05.015","article-title":"Formal modelling and analysis of DNP3 secure authentication","volume":"59","author":"amoah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2013.0059"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2016.7741376"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04798-5_5","article-title":"A taxonomy of attacks on the DNP3 protocol","author":"east","year":"2009","journal-title":"Critical Infrastructure Protection III"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2013.0946"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2587883"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2009.10.001"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"223","article-title":"The analysis of relay protection communication mechanism based on IEC61850","author":"wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Adv Power Syst Autom Protection"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PES.2010.5589488"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.12.193"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2845378"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2013.448"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Meeting Improving Power System Resilience in the 21st Century"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2015.7301457"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CPSNA.2013.6614252"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NPSC.2016.7858950"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1368","article-title":"Cyber security vulnerability assessment for smart substations","author":"chai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Power and Energy Engineering Conf (APPEEC)"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2016.7741343"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Man-in-the-middle attack test-bed investigating cyber-security vulnerabilities in smart grid SCADA systems","author":"yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Sustain Power Gener Supply (SUPERGEN)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PSCE.2009.4840141"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2012.2187122"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"182","article-title":"Research and implementation on function sequence visualization of relay protection based on IEC61850","volume":"44","author":"chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Power System Control and Protection"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/61.660853"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CQR.2015.7129084"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2013.2245155"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detecting false data injection attacks on DC state estimation","author":"bobba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 1st Workshop Secure Control Syst (CPSWEEK)"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2508449"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"176","article-title":"Energy theft in the advanced metering infrastructure","author":"mclaughlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2323266"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2374577"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-smt.2014.0318"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2388545"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2492827"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CPSRSG.2016.7684102"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEEIC.2016.7555647"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cybersecurity test-bed for IEC 61850 based smart substations","author":"yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Power Energy Soc Gen Meeting"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IBSS.2015.7456631"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2015.7301400"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139013468"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAS.1970.292679"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1653662.1653666"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6194398"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISRCS.2014.6900095"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2016.2631891"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CNS.2017.8228637"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2013.0962"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Trustcom\/BigDataSE\/ICESS.2017.273"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IDAACS-SWS.2014.6954628"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT.2014.6816388"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCBI.2016.7743267"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stealthy cyber attacks and impact analysis on wide-area protection of smart grid","author":"singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc North Amer Power Symp (NAPS)"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40518-018-0094-8"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2017.2686394"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2017.2679040"},{"key":"ref99","first-page":"4066","article-title":"Robust and resilient control design for cyber-physical systems with an application to power systems","author":"zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Decis Control Eur Control Conf"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSNIP.2014.6827636"},{"key":"ref97","first-page":"617","article-title":"Detection of x86 malware in AMI data payloads","author":"babu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Smart Grid Commun (SmartGridComm)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CPSRSG.2016.7684094"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.2017.7925278"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6257525"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2016.7741452"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCONSpring.2017.8070085"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iThings\/CPSCom.2011.34"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"ARTT taxonomy and cyber-attack framewok","author":"douad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc New Technol Inf Commun (NTIC)"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"Remedial pilot main protection scheme for transmission line independent of data synchronism","author":"chen","year":"0","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2703172"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2016.2574769"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cps.2016.0019"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECCS.2014.16"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2017.2780172"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2016.7741880"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2703842"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"908","article-title":"A hybrid network IDS for protective digital relays in the power transmission grid","author":"koutsandria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Smart Grid Commun (SmartGridComm)"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"1","article-title":"Whitelist malware defense for embedded control system devices","author":"powers","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Saudi Arabia Smart Grid (SASG)"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSIC.2015.7245683"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"1","article-title":"On topology attack of a smart grid","author":"kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE PES Innov Smart Grid Technol Conf (ISGT)"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"283","article-title":"Impact of firmware modification attacks on power systems field devices","author":"konstantinou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Smart Grid Commun (SmartGridComm)"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8274985\/08528321.pdf?arnumber=8528321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T03:07:48Z","timestamp":1643252868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8528321\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":103,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2018.2879996","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}