{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:01:37Z","timestamp":1779364897807,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"name":"RESPONSE 5G","award":["789658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["789658"]}]},{"name":"6Genesis Flagship","award":["318927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318927"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2903271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,6]],"date-time":"2019-03-06T20:55:42Z","timestamp":1551905742000},"page":"33159-33172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["A Delay-Tolerant Payment Scheme Based on the Ethereum Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6233-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yining","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahsan","family":"Manzoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parinya","family":"Ekparinya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-030X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhusanka","family":"Liyanage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanchana","family":"Thilakarathna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Jourjon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6894-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aruna","family":"Seneviratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978341"},{"key":"ref38","author":"crain","year":"2017","journal-title":"(Leader\/Randomization\/Signature)-free Byzantine Consensus for Consortium Blockchains"},{"key":"ref33","author":"blattman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Assessing the Need and Potential of Community Networking for Developing Countries A Case Study from India"},{"key":"ref32","author":"poon","year":"2016","journal-title":"The bitcoin lightning network Scalable off-chain instant payments"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","author":"poon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plasma Scalable autonomous smart contracts"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2103354.2103371"},{"key":"ref37","author":"chatzopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"LocalCoin An ad-hoc payment scheme for areas with high connectivity"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"45","article-title":"Bitcoin-NG: A scalable blockchain protocol","author":"eyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc NSDI"},{"key":"ref35","author":"king","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ppcoin Peer-to-peer Crypto-currency with Proof-of-stake"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSA.2017.44"},{"key":"ref10","author":"mas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mobile payments go viral M-PESA in Kenya"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Two bitcoins at the price of one? Double-spending attacks on fast payments in bitcoin","author":"karame","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42448-4_14"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2057-1615.12059"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2017","journal-title":"Requirements and Warnings&#x2014;Bitcoin Core"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ethereum&#x2019;s Blockchain Size Surpasses Bitcoin&#x2019;s by 40 Percent"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.29"},{"key":"ref16","author":"w\u00fcst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ethereum eclipse attacks"},{"key":"ref17","author":"natoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"The balance attack against proof-of-work blockchains The R3 testbed as an example"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"236","author":"marcus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Low-resource eclipse attacks on ethereum's peer-to-peer network"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nokia Kuha Community-Run Small Cells"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"129","article-title":"Eclipse attacks on bitcoin&#x2019;s peer-to-peer network","author":"heilman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Usenix Secur Symp"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SNPA.2003.1203354"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2018","journal-title":"4 Billion People Still don&#x2019;t Have Internet Access"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2018","journal-title":"KUHA Mobile Network"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","article-title":"A transaction fee market exists without a block size limit","author":"rizun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Block Size Limit Debate Working Paper"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2004.1260729"},{"key":"ref8","author":"tapscott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blockchain Revolution How The Technology Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money Business And The World"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telstra Media Release"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2018","journal-title":"Number of Fixed Broadband Internet Subscriptions Worldwide From 2005 to 2017 (in Millions)"},{"key":"ref9","author":"fitchett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC) Thailand (Case Study)"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Internet Usage"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2018","journal-title":"Where Cellular Networks Don&#x2019;t Exist People Are Building Their Own"},{"key":"ref22","author":"hauser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Micro-Payments Based on iKP"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"69","article-title":"PayWord and MicroMint: Two simple micropayment schemes","author":"rivest","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Secur Protocols"},{"key":"ref42","author":"nakamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bitcoin A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger","volume":"151","author":"wood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethereum Project Yellow Paper"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2015.14"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVCBT.2018.00011"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978408"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/P2P.2013.6688704"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Accelerating bitcoin&#x2019;s transaction processing. Fast money grows on trees, not chains","author":"sompolinsky","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref25","author":"kasahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Priority mechanism of bitcoin and its effect on transaction-confirmation process"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8600701\/08661611.pdf?arnumber=8661611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T19:41:06Z","timestamp":1628624466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8661611\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":44,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2903271","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}