{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T12:44:48Z","timestamp":1771332288365,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFB0104100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0104100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009144","name":"Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2904654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T20:13:14Z","timestamp":1553026394000},"page":"42757-42773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Water-Resistant Smartphone Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quanqing","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4608-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Pecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","author":"mahdi","year":"2016","journal-title":"5 Things to do If Your iPhone 7 Gets Wet iPhone Hacks"},{"key":"ref38","author":"curtis","year":"2016","journal-title":"How Waterproof is the Galaxy S7? We Put Samsung&#x2019;s New Smartphone to the Test Mirror"},{"key":"ref33","author":"austin","year":"2017","journal-title":"What to Know About the Waterproofing on Google&#x2019;s Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL Life Hacker"},{"key":"ref32","year":"2017","journal-title":"Is My Samsung S7 Dust and Water-Resistant?"},{"key":"ref31","author":"moon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Do You Still Need a Waterproof Case for Your iPhone 7? Forbes"},{"key":"ref30","author":"catanzariti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Just How Waterproof is the Motorola Defy? Good Gear Guide"},{"key":"ref37","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sprint User Guide Samsung Galaxy S7"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2016","journal-title":"Is My Galaxy S7 Dust and Water-Resistant?"},{"key":"ref35","year":"2016","journal-title":"Huawei Launch P9 Smartphone With P2i Nano Coating P2i Ltd"},{"key":"ref34","year":"2017","journal-title":"Something to Keep Your P2i on&#x2019; Says John McCann From TechRadar P2i Ltd"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2008","journal-title":"Casio W61CA Waterproof 5 1 Megapixel Camera Phone CDMA1X Based Phones Review"},{"key":"ref27","author":"troaca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Megapixel Waterproof Super-Phone From Casio Softpedia News"},{"key":"ref29","author":"vogel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Motorola Defy TechRadar"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)"},{"key":"ref22","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ericsson Launches New Water Dust and Shock Resistant Mobile Phone"},{"key":"ref21","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Ericsson R250 Pro&#x2014;The World&#x2019;s First Water Dust and Shock Resistant Mobile Phone"},{"key":"ref24","author":"volgel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nokia 5500 Sport Trusted Reviews"},{"key":"ref23","year":"1999","journal-title":"R250s PRO-Unspeakable Conditions"},{"key":"ref26","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fujitsu Launches Water-Resistant &#x2018;Raku-Raku&#x2019; Mobile Phone"},{"key":"ref100","year":"2018","journal-title":"Huawei Device USA Inc Limited Warranty (Phone\/Tablet\/Wearable\/PC\/Accessories)"},{"key":"ref25","author":"wan","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Evolution of the First Waterproof Phones Digistrat"},{"key":"ref50","author":"prigg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sony Unveils the Waterproof Phone You Can Use in the Bath- and It Will Even Keep Working if You Drop It Down the Toilet"},{"key":"ref51","author":"bucher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sony Xperia Waterproof Class Action Settlement"},{"key":"ref59","year":"2016","journal-title":"Do Not Get Your iPhone 7 Wet MacRumors"},{"key":"ref58","year":"2016","journal-title":"iPhone 7 Water Damage MacRumors"},{"key":"ref57","year":"2016","journal-title":"S7 Edge Warranty on Water Damage Android Central"},{"key":"ref56","year":"2016","journal-title":"My Jet Black 7+ Bricked&#x2014;Water Damage MacRumors"},{"key":"ref55","author":"mapes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Woman Alleges Galaxy S7&#x2019;s Water-Resistant Claims Are False After Toilet Drop Causes Phone to Malfunction"},{"key":"ref54","author":"sortor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Samsung Galaxy S7 Phones Aren&#x2019;t Water-Resistant Class Action Says"},{"key":"ref53","year":"2018","journal-title":"Xperia XZ3"},{"key":"ref52","author":"whitwam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Owners of Certain Sony Phones Could get 50% Refund From Water Damage Class Action Settlement"},{"key":"ref40","author":"keach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Is the iPhone 7 Waterproof? New Design FAQ Trusted Reviews"},{"key":"ref4","author":"richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Most Wanted Smartphone Features Statista"},{"key":"ref3","author":"pham","year":"2016","journal-title":"IDC Water-Resistant Phones a Fast-Rising Segment Mobile News"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2017","journal-title":"About Splash Water and Dust Resistance of iPhone 7 and Later"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2017.2688483"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Apple iPhone 8 and 8Plus Introduced With New Features [Video File]"},{"key":"ref49","year":"2014","journal-title":"Underwater Commercial (Sony Xperia) [Video file]"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Apple&#x2014;Don&#x2019;t Blink [Video File]"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Are Galaxy Devices Waterproof?"},{"key":"ref46","author":"boas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Google&#x2019;s Pixel 2 Smartphone Uses the Same Waterproofing Material That Off-Road Cars Use Insider Inc"},{"key":"ref45","author":"manalo","year":"2017","journal-title":"What the Pixel 2&#x2019;s New IP67 Water-Resistance Rating Really Means Gadget Hacks"},{"key":"ref48","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sony Xperia M2 Aqua Commercial the Best Sony Waterproof Phone [Video File]"},{"key":"ref47","year":"2017","journal-title":"Google Pixel 2 XL is Not Really IP67 Water Resistant Android Central"},{"key":"ref42","year":"2016","journal-title":"iPhone 7-Tech Specs"},{"key":"ref41","author":"boas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Apple&#x2019;s New iPhone 7 is Water Resistant Not Water Proof- and There&#x2019;s a Big Difference Business Insider"},{"key":"ref44","year":"2017","journal-title":"Google Pixel 2"},{"key":"ref43","author":"clover","year":"2017","journal-title":"iPhone X and iPhone 8 Feature IP67 Water Resistance Rating Same as iPhone 7"},{"key":"ref73","author":"robinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Testing for Ingress Protection of Portable Electronic Devices W L Gore & Associates"},{"key":"ref72","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ingress Protection Immersion Water Tests (IPX7 and IPX8)"},{"key":"ref71","author":"rogers","year":"2017","journal-title":"What is the Difference Between NEMA and IP Ratings? Setra"},{"key":"ref70","year":"2014","journal-title":"Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)"},{"key":"ref76","year":"2016","journal-title":"Huawei P9 Water Test [HD] [Video File]"},{"key":"ref77","author":"petrovan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Video How Did Samsung Make the Galaxy S7 Water Resistant? Android Authority"},{"key":"ref74","author":"sullivan","year":"2014","journal-title":"How Nanotechnology is Urine-Proofing Your Smartphone CBR"},{"key":"ref75","year":"2016","journal-title":"Huawei P9 Lite Water Test! Better Than P9? (4K) [Video File]"},{"key":"ref78","author":"suovanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Is the New iPhone Waterproof? We Opened It Up (Again) to Find Out"},{"key":"ref79","author":"purcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Apple Invents a Waterproofing Method for Future Devices Using Hydrophobic Conformal Coatings and Silicon Seals"},{"key":"ref60","year":"2018","journal-title":"Samsung Focus Windows Smartphone"},{"key":"ref62","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liquid Damage Indicator (LDI) Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge"},{"key":"ref61","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water and Other Liquid Damage to iPhone or iPod Isn&#x2019;t Covered by Warranty"},{"key":"ref63","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liquid Damage Indicator (LDI) Huawei Summit"},{"key":"ref64","year":"2016","journal-title":"Check for Water Damage-Samsung"},{"key":"ref65","year":"2016","journal-title":"Check for Physical Damage&#x2014;Samsung Galaxy S7\/S7 Edge"},{"key":"ref66","year":"2013","journal-title":"Road Vehicles&#x2014;Degrees of Protection (IP-Code)&#x2014;Protection of Electrical Equipment Against Foreign Objects Water and Access"},{"key":"ref67","year":"2017","journal-title":"Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)"},{"key":"ref68","year":"2013","journal-title":"Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code) SAI Global Limited"},{"key":"ref2","author":"rampton","year":"2014","journal-title":"How Many People Use Their Phone In The Bathroom?"},{"key":"ref69","year":"2017","journal-title":"Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code) Korean Standards Services Network"},{"key":"ref1","author":"murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"2 4bn Smartphone User in 2017 Mobile Marketing"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"20","article-title":"What are pool chemicals, and how do they protect swimmers?","volume":"95","author":"arnaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Eng News"},{"key":"ref94","author":"almanza","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Healthiest Temperature for Your Shower According to Science"},{"key":"ref93","year":"2013","journal-title":"What is the Perfect Swimming Pool Temperature?"},{"key":"ref92","year":"0","journal-title":"What are the Differences Between Saunas and Steam Rooms?"},{"key":"ref91","author":"ciofitto","year":"2017","journal-title":"5 Shocking Mobile Phone Statistics That Will Blow Your Mind!"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2015.04.019"},{"key":"ref98","author":"sepe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Materials The Mystery of Physical Aging Part 1"},{"key":"ref99","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water and Dust Resistance&#x2014;All You Need to Know"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03602559.2017.1419487"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie401480u"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2016","journal-title":"Samsung Galaxy S7 and S7 Edge"},{"key":"ref11","author":"hernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Next Big Thing is Here Galaxy S7 and S7 Edge Commercials [Video File]"},{"key":"ref12","author":"sprogg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Original Advert (Not Seen Before) [Video File]"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2017","journal-title":"Huawei Mate 10 & 10 Pro Official Commercial [Video File]"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2017","journal-title":"Introducing the Next Era of Mobile Huawei Mate 10 [Video File]"},{"key":"ref16","author":"shakespeare","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Difference Between Waterproof & Water Resistant Mountain Warehouse"},{"key":"ref82","year":"2018","journal-title":"Conformal Coatings Market |Analysis Includes Growth Trends Technologies & Opportunities Forecast 2023"},{"key":"ref17","year":"1990","journal-title":"Horology&#x2014;Water-Resistant Watches ISO"},{"key":"ref81","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contract Manufacturing Products and Services"},{"key":"ref18","year":"1996","journal-title":"Divers&#x2019; Watches ISO"},{"key":"ref84","year":"0","journal-title":"What is Conformal Coating?"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horology-Divers&#x2019; Watches ISO"},{"key":"ref83","author":"hollister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Waterproofing Explained How Apple Samsung and Sony Keep the Liquid Out CNET"},{"key":"ref80","year":"2016","journal-title":"iPhone 7 Plus Teardown"},{"key":"ref89","author":"sands","year":"2010","journal-title":"Smart Phone Reliability Apple IPhones with Fewest Failures and Major Android Manufacturers Not Far Behind"},{"key":"ref85","author":"horn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Coating and Conformal Coating A Functional Comparison"},{"key":"ref86","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gore Technologies"},{"key":"ref87","author":"lusvardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Keeping Smart Phones Protected Appliance Design"},{"key":"ref88","author":"sands","year":"2010","journal-title":"SquareTrade Research 26% of iPhones Fail Over 2 Years a Decrease From 2009"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8600701\/08671469.pdf?arnumber=8671469","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T19:40:39Z","timestamp":1628624439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8671469\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":100,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2904654","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}