{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:35:40Z","timestamp":1778250940601,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/OAPA.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2910148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T21:47:42Z","timestamp":1555969662000},"page":"48792-48806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["How Course, Contextual, and Technological Challenges are Associated With Instructors\u2019 Individual Challenges to Successfully Implement E-Learning: A Developing Country Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1020-2389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan","family":"Aldowah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hosam","family":"Al-Samarraie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Ghazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.09.016"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.07.037"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2011.11.007"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"50","article-title":"The social impact and cultural issues affecting the e-learning performance in Libyan higher education institutes","volume":"12","author":"kenan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Inf Technol Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3175536.3175581"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"126","article-title":"Barriers and strategies on adoption of e-learning in Tanzanian higher learning institutions: Lessons for adopters","volume":"11","author":"kisanga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Inf Commun Technol Educ"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5296\/ijhrs.v1i2.1116"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.09.004"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"107","article-title":"Higher education staff experiences of using web-based learning technologies","volume":"7","author":"salmon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Educ Technol Soc"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"E-learning in higher educational institutions in kuwait: Experiences and challenges","volume":"4","author":"alkharang","year":"2013","journal-title":"E-learning"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5901\/mjss.2014.v5n23p1348"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"34","article-title":"The assessment of utilization of E-learning opportunities for effective teaching and learning of religion in nigerian tertiary institutions","volume":"15","author":"eze","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Educational Studies"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745499918763421"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2015.1122635"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54978-1_42"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su10124776"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"56","article-title":"Introducing mobile technology for enhancing teaching and learning at the college of business education in tanzania: teachers and students’ perspectives","author":"mwandosya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Eur Middle East North Afr Inf Syst Technol Support Learn"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/892\/1\/012013"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"An assessment of e-learning utilization by a section of Ugandan universities: challenges, success factors and way forward","author":"kasse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf ICT Africa"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v4i1.653"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"22","volume":"2","author":"butler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Barriers to Adopting Technology"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"66","article-title":"A conceptual framework for examining predictors of successful E-learning adoption in universities in uganda","author":"namirembe","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"ICT implementation in education","author":"richardson","year":"2000","journal-title":"An Analysis of Implementation Strategies in Australia"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"140","article-title":"Competencies for e-Instructors: How to Qualify and Guarantee Sustainability","volume":"6","author":"gulbahar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Technology"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"51","article-title":"Learning management system success: Increasing learning management system usage in higher education in sub-saharan Africa","volume":"11","author":"mtebe","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Development"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520610706406"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of e-learning in further education: Survey of scale and breadth","author":"golden","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"1","article-title":"The advantages and challenges of e-learning implementation: The story of a developing nation","author":"kwofie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 3rd World Conf Educ Sci (WCES)"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"26","article-title":"Who is responsible for e-learning success in higher education? A stakeholders,’ analysis","volume":"11","author":"wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Educ Technol Soc"},{"key":"ref53","author":"pirani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Supporting E-Learning in Higher Education Road Map Tools for Navigating Complex Decisions"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"297","article-title":"Challenges and strategies for e-learning development in the Payame Noor University of Iran","volume":"13","author":"mohamadzadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turkish Online J Distance Education"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4609.2010.00259.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.07.123"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"121","article-title":"Implementing e-learning in the Jordanian Higher Education System: Factors affecting impact","volume":"8","author":"al-adwan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Edu Develop ICT"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_39_18","article-title":"The challenges of E-learning system: Higher educational institutions perspective","volume":"7","author":"shahmoradi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of education and health promotion"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.10.010"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"61","article-title":"Barriers to the introduction of ICT into education in developing Countries: The example of Bangladesh","volume":"5","author":"khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Instruction"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"77","article-title":"Factors affecting teachers’ use of information and communication technology","volume":"2","author":"afshari","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Instruction"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v12i06.7003"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v19i1.3322"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"101","article-title":"Confronting challenges to e-learning in higher education institutions","volume":"5","author":"mapuva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Inf Commun Technol Educ"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"115","article-title":"Factors that influence students’ decision to dropout of online courses","volume":"13","author":"willging","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asynchronous Learning Networks"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14738\/assrj.55.4586"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.013"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"45","article-title":"Seven major challenges for e-learning in developing countries: Case study eBIT, Sri Lanka","volume":"4","author":"andersson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Inf Commun Technol Educ"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/ies.v9n8p194"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJIL.2015.069632"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.01.014"},{"key":"ref73","article-title":"Investigating the success of E-learning in secondary schools: The case of the Kingdom of Bahrain","author":"taha","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"564","article-title":"Paradigm Shift from eLearning-1 to eLearning-2","volume":"10","author":"basar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"1047","article-title":"The effects of demographic characteristics of lecturers on individual and course challenges of e-learning implementation in a public university in yemen","author":"aldowah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Reliable Inf Commun Technol"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"310","article-title":"Challenges of implementing e-learning in a Pakistani university","volume":"4","author":"qureshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"E - learning and Knowledge Management"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2419.2007.00294.x"},{"key":"ref77","first-page":"229","article-title":"Challenges of e-learning for university instructors in Taiwan","author":"wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc 16th Int Conf Comput Educ (ICCE)"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"301","article-title":"Challenges of e-learning technologies in nigerian university education","volume":"5","author":"oye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Social Research"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"160","article-title":"Utilization of e-learning facilities by science teacher educators for teaching pre-service teachers in Nigerian colleges of education","volume":"3","author":"osuafor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Journal on Education and Learning"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68999-9"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr2603_7"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2714379"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.11591\/eei.v7i3.849","article-title":"E-learning effectiveness analysis in developing countries: East Nusa Tenggara indonesia perspective","volume":"7","author":"sfenrianto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull Electr Eng Inform"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Improving the effectiveness of E-learning implementation in the school of engineering at Tripoli University","author":"kenan","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0266-4909.2002.00259.doc.x"},{"key":"ref64","first-page":"171","article-title":"A mixed method study for investigating critical success factors(CSFs) of E-learning in saudi arabianuniversities","volume":"8","author":"naveed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"155","article-title":"The impact of E-learning to enhance quality of education: The case of Adama science and technology university","volume":"8","author":"ketema","year":"2015","journal-title":"S Afr Comput J"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v16i1.1816"},{"key":"ref67","article-title":"The challenges & Opportunities of eLearning","author":"nawaz","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2725438"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-018-9874-3"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.01.006"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"18","article-title":"E-learning uptake among academicians and students in Tanzanian universities","volume":"6","author":"kisanjara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Online J Educ Teach"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2015\/v8i32\/92160"},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"237","article-title":"E-learning in Malaysia: Success factors in implementing e-learning program","volume":"20","author":"goi","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.05.001"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.04.004"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.08.007"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v12i06.7003"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEEI.2009.5254720"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68999-9_20"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"429","article-title":"Adoption of management information systems in context of Yemeni organizations: A structural equation modeling approach","volume":"13","author":"al-mamary","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Digit Inf Manag"},{"key":"ref97","year":"2012","journal-title":"Higher Education in the Republic of Yemen and its Development Stages"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"250","article-title":"New technologies for teaching and learning: Challenges for higher learning institutions in developing countries","author":"yoloye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Information Communication Technology (ICT) Integration to Educational Curricula A New Direction for Africa"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introducing a sociomaterial perspective to investigate e-learning for higher educational institutions in developing countries","author":"quimno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 24th Australas Conf Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-013-9066-6"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.10.025"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"27","article-title":"Role of contextual factors in using e-Learning systems for higher education in developing countries","volume":"1","author":"khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Research Studies in Education"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"111","article-title":"Factors affecting the effective implementation of e-learning in educational institutions","volume":"3","author":"afshari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turkish Online J Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2018.1427115"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2006.tb00175.x"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"295","article-title":"The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling","volume":"295","author":"chin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Modern Methods for Business Research"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.09.020"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3151312"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2009.tb00271.x"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32827-8_29"},{"key":"ref80","author":"hair","year":"2014","journal-title":"A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14759390000200096"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/ijec.2015100101"},{"key":"ref86","author":"hair","year":"2016","journal-title":"A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2004.03.005"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/20650284"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8600701\/08685091.pdf?arnumber=8685091","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T04:37:11Z","timestamp":1721191031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8685091\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":100,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2910148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}