{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:49:14Z","timestamp":1778604554236,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secure Open Federation for Internet Everywhere"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["779984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["779984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2926880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,7]],"date-time":"2019-07-07T19:03:23Z","timestamp":1562526203000},"page":"89948-89966","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Interledger Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8521-3774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilios A.","family":"Siris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Mobile Multimedia Laboratory, School of Information Sciences and Technology, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Nikander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communications and Networking, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spyros","family":"Voulgaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Mobile Multimedia Laboratory, School of Information Sciences and Technology, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Fotiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Mobile Multimedia Laboratory, School of Information Sciences and Technology, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitrij","family":"Lagutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communications and Networking, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Polyzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, Mobile Multimedia Laboratory, School of Information Sciences and Technology, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","year":"2019","journal-title":"Interledger Protocol V4"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2872518.2889307"},{"key":"ref33","author":"vu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exploring Lightning Network Routing"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Flash: Efficient dynamic routing for offchain networks","author":"wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Flare: An approach to routing in lightning network","author":"prihodko","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"COMIT&#x2014;Cryptographically-secure off-chain multi-asset instant transaction network","author":"hosp","year":"2018","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref37","author":"thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"A Protocol for Interledger Payments"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00209"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"361","article-title":"Scalable funding of bitcoin micropayment channel networks","author":"burchert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 19th Int Symp Stabilization Saf Secur Distrib Syst (SSS)"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23330"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"3","article-title":"A fast and scalable payment network with bitcoin duplex micropayment channels","author":"decker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 17th Int Symp Self-Stabilizing Syst"},{"key":"ref27","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atomic Swap"},{"key":"ref29","author":"poon","year":"2019","journal-title":"The bitcoin lightning network Scalable off-chain instant payments"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWGS.2018.095647"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.8202"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Ethical issues around crowdwork: How can blockchain technology help?","author":"tate","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 10th Australasian Conf Inf Syst (ACIS)"},{"key":"ref22","author":"nolan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alt chains and atomic transfers"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Chain interoperability","author":"buterin","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref24","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hashed Time-Lock Contracts (HTLC)"},{"key":"ref23","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atomic cross-chain trading"},{"key":"ref26","year":"2019","journal-title":"Timelock"},{"key":"ref25","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hashlock"},{"key":"ref50","author":"poon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plasma Scalable autonomous smart contracts"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Non-interactive proofs of proof-of-work","author":"kiayias","year":"2017","journal-title":"IACR Cryptology ePrint"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/diss.2018.23001"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99073-6_6","article-title":"Channels: Horizontal scaling and confidentiality on permissioned blockchains","author":"androulaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Symp Research in Computer Security (ESORICS)"},{"key":"ref56","article-title":"Centrally banked cryptocurrencies","author":"danezis","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv 1505 06895"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2018.000-5"},{"key":"ref54","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cosmos Whitepaper"},{"key":"ref53","author":"wood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polkadot Vision for a heterogeneous multi-chain framework"},{"key":"ref52","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardano Sidechains"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSA.2017.33"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2535718"},{"key":"ref40","author":"culwick","year":"2019","journal-title":"The blocknet Design specification"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"A survey on the security of blockchain systems","author":"li","year":"0","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3212734.3212736"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Enabling blockchain innovations with pegged sidechains","author":"back","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12783\/dtcse\/cst2017\/12539"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"106","article-title":"On scaling decentralized blockchains","author":"croman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Financial Cryptography Data Security"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Strong federations: An interoperable blockchain solution to centralized third-party risks","author":"dilley","year":"2016","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Disintermediation of inter-blockchain transactions","author":"english","year":"2016","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PDCAT.2017.00066"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Taxonomy of blockchain technologies. Principles of identification and classification","author":"tasca","year":"2017","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Crypto research report, edition III","author":"hays","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Speed-security tradeoffs in blockchain protocols","author":"kiayias","year":"2015","journal-title":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BigDataCongress.2017.85"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2779263"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2566339"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67816-0_18","article-title":"Merged mining: Curse or cure?","author":"judmayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Cryptocurrencies Blockchain Technol (CBT)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2886932"},{"key":"ref46","year":"2019","journal-title":"How Elements Works and the Roles of Network Participants"},{"key":"ref45","author":"hejazi-sepehr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transwarp-conduit Interoperable blockchain application framework"},{"key":"ref48","author":"lerner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drivechains Sidechains and Hybrid 2-Way Peg Designs"},{"key":"ref47","author":"garoffolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sidechains Decoupled Consensus Between Chains"},{"key":"ref42","year":"2017","journal-title":"Building Super Financial Markets for the New Digital Economy White Paper Version 0 9 0"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2019","journal-title":"ARK Ecosystem Whitepaper Version 2 0 0"},{"key":"ref44","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aion White Paper Version 1 0 0"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"552","article-title":"How to leak a secret","author":"rivest","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc 7th Int Conf Theory Appl Cryptol Inf Secur Adv Cryptol (ASIACRYPT)"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8600701\/08755830.pdf?arnumber=8755830","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T19:00:22Z","timestamp":1750100422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8755830\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2926880","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}