{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:26:38Z","timestamp":1771493198625,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2953104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T21:58:06Z","timestamp":1573595886000},"page":"164386-164397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["A Simplified Cohen\u2019s Kappa for Use in Binary Classification Data Annotation Tasks"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3124-9901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3564-3260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-8082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref33","first-page":"360","article-title":"Understanding interobserver agreement: The kappa statistic","volume":"37","author":"viera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Family Medicine"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2930941"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000147512.81966.ba"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9020173"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"64","article-title":"To annotate more accurately or to annotate more","author":"dligach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Linguistic Annotation Workshop"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4870959"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.11.021"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt078"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2017.2655486"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00185"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089120104773633402"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2017.2713988"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/coli.2009.35.4.35402"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2018.01.009"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531434"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056","article-title":"Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks","volume":"542","author":"esteva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1196","article-title":"Learning with noisy labels","author":"natarajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.257"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2013.2292894"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl346"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.09.081"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17216"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23780-5_39"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2613502"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90018-V"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90031-5"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"249","article-title":"Assessing agreement on classification tasks: The kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"carletta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput Linguistics"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207390601115096"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207390500063967"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"98","article-title":"Relationships of Cohen&#x2019;s kappa, sensitivity, and specificity for unbiased annotations","author":"wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc 4th Int Conf Biomed Signal Image Process"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2008.00984.x"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8600701\/08896957.pdf?arnumber=8896957","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T10:12:26Z","timestamp":1643278346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8896957\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":33,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2953104","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}