{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:50:46Z","timestamp":1780411846495,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1925723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1925723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2956748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T20:57:18Z","timestamp":1575061038000},"page":"176935-176951","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":336,"title":["Blockchain Applications for Industry 4.0 and Industrial IoT: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tejasvi","family":"Alladi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6730-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinay","family":"Chamola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0049-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza M.","family":"Parizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim-Kwang Raymond","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Innovation Benefits and Barriers"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2015.06.143"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2902501"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2920682"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2908780"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2019.2936881"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2812301"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM.2014.7058728"},{"key":"ref35","volume":"1","author":"davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Industry 4 0 Digitalisation for productivity and growth"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2015.7382284"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2920987"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2886932"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2903554"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2018.032501742"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2897133"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2903342"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700344"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2907092"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2842460"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2019.2924054"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.29"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2902563"},{"key":"ref50","year":"2016","journal-title":"MedRec"},{"key":"ref51","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicalchain"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"26","article-title":"A UAV and blockchain-based system for industry 4.0 inventory and traceability applications","volume":"4","author":"fern\u00e1ndez-caram\u00e9s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2720760"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3109761.3158384"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2907658"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2897792"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2875782"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3I.2016.7918009"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2018.011791712"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2016.20"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2882794"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2842685"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2880744"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2863956"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2907695"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/INM.2017.7987376"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2895302"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2894727"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2645904"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2730843"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"189","article-title":"Trace and track: Enhanced pharma supply chain infrastructure to prevent fraud","author":"alangot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Ubiquitous Commun Netw Comput"},{"key":"ref47","year":"2018","journal-title":"NCBI"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2018.2816306"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCC.2018.011791712"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9756.1"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.195"},{"key":"ref73","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bankymooon—Blockchain Powered Solutions and Services"},{"key":"ref72","year":"2018","journal-title":"Power ledger white paper"},{"key":"ref71","year":"2018","journal-title":"Power Ledger"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2016.2616861"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/inov_a_00266"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOT-TUSCANY.2018.8373021"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"6153","article-title":"Blockchain applications in microgrids an overview of current projects and concepts","author":"goranovi?","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Ind Electron Soc Annu Conf (IECON)"},{"key":"ref75","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bitcoin energy consumption index"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOT-TUSCANY.2018.8373021"},{"key":"ref79","article-title":"A case study for grain quality assurance tracking based on a blockchain business network","author":"lucena","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1803 07877"},{"key":"ref60","author":"scott","year":"2018","journal-title":"TradeLens How IBM and Maersk are Sharing Blockchain to Build a Global Trade Platform"},{"key":"ref62","author":"hulseapple","year":"2015","journal-title":"Block Verify Uses Blockchains to End Counterfeiting and Make World More Honest"},{"key":"ref61","year":"2019","journal-title":"Origin"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00450-017-0360-9"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData.2017.142"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.10.014"},{"key":"ref66","year":"2019","journal-title":"GTM Research Report 2018"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"3690","article-title":"Consortium blockchain for secure energy trading in industrial Internet of Things","volume":"14","author":"li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Informat"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2709784"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2566339"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700401"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2018.2816299"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCC-SmartCity-DSS.2016.0198"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-53357-4_8"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2018.2823705"},{"key":"ref94","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bitcoin and Ethereum vs Visa and PayPal Transactions Per Second"},{"key":"ref107","year":"2019","journal-title":"DPOS Description on Bitshares"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2018.11.010"},{"key":"ref106","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telehash"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SOLI.2018.8476785"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCNS.2016.7870552"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPADS.2017.00114"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2016.7945805"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2789929"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3183367"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.10.002"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-017-0050-x"},{"key":"ref112","article-title":"A blockchain-based educational record repository","author":"bessa","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv 1904 00315"},{"key":"ref110","article-title":"Blockchain: Opportunities for health care","year":"2016","journal-title":"CP Trans"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4313475"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.020"},{"key":"ref96","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ethereum light client protocol"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2683200"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2899617"},{"key":"ref11","author":"nakamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bitcoin A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System"},{"key":"ref12","author":"larimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transactions as proof-of-stake"},{"key":"ref13","author":"larimer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPOS)"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical Byzantine fault tolerance","volume":"99","author":"castro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc OSDI"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2019.01.005"},{"key":"ref118","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chasyr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94478-4_6"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2887101"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2016.7795984"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"103","article-title":"Empirical vulnerability analysis of automated smart contracts security testing on blockchains","author":"parizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 28th Annu Int Conf Comput Sci Softw Eng (CASCON)"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2894573"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.01.019"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2877634"},{"key":"ref119","author":"rossow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hailing Rides Down Crypto Lane The Future of Ridesharing"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2019","journal-title":"Announcement of the Industrie 4 0 Project in the 2011 Hannover Fair"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.07.154"},{"key":"ref114","year":"2019","journal-title":"What is Blockcerts and How it Issues Verifiable Blockchain Records?"},{"key":"ref113","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blockcerts"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-018-03715-4"},{"key":"ref80","year":"2019","journal-title":"iGrowchain"},{"key":"ref115","article-title":"The impact of blockchain on the music industry","author":"sitonio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 29th Eur Regional Conf Int Telecommun Soc (ITS)"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2881246"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/W-FiCloud.2018.00041"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2898900"},{"key":"ref87","year":"2019","journal-title":"IBEF"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OBD.2016.11"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/ielam\/6287639\/8600701\/8917991-aam.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8600701\/08917991.pdf?arnumber=8917991","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T18:53:46Z","timestamp":1649444026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8917991\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":119,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2956748","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}