{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T22:47:36Z","timestamp":1780440456654,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61404130113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61404130113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2962554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T15:13:53Z","timestamp":1577373233000},"page":"2847-2868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":466,"title":["Multi-Sensor Fusion in Automated Driving: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9129-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0682-445X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingqing","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARCV.2018.8581329"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2018.2886678"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUFN.2019.8806105"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LATINCOM.2018.8613206"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/MedHocNet.2018.8407085"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19122756"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ZINC.2018.8448849"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2017.09.038"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913491297"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2018.8500549"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC.2017.8190839"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOM.2019.8767390"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40309-019-0154-3"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2017.0126"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2324291"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RCAR.2017.8311877"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2014.09.038"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.03.092"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2018.8593562"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2018.2870819"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA\/IUCC.2017.00167"},{"key":"ref25","year":"0"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICIF.2018.8455850"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2778693"},{"key":"ref154","first-page":"886","article-title":"The exact algorithm for multi-sensor asynchronous track-to-track fusion","author":"lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 18th Int Conf Inf Fusion"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2009.12.006"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MFI.2017.8170380"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2017.0162"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspi.2019.03.005"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIF.2003.177421"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2005.10.004"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132842"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2873103"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2018.8408291"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2012.6338854"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.888718"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCICA.2014.7052692"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030648"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09380-x"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030340"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11020135"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060846"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2018.2806945"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUFN.2018.8436959"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSSA.2012.6366071"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2003.1261119"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2018.5142"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9.839947"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70403633"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6114-2"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2014.6852999"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2735809"},{"key":"ref159","first-page":"1120","article-title":"Joint integrated probabilistic data association—JIPDA","author":"musicki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 5th Int Conf Inf Fusion"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150510526"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TELFOR.2018.8612054"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2897323"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4037781"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:19950667"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsarchives-XXXIX-B4-35-2012"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APSIPA.2017.8282301"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSGEA.2017.30"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2352\/ISSN.2470-1173.2018.17.AVM-258"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2014.6946659"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/SICE.2018.8492678"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIT.2015.7125155"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2015.7162617"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPIN.2016.7566798"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICCAS.2017.8204375"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SDF.2017.8126357"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2016.05.001","article-title":"Radar and stereo vision fusion for multitarget tracking on the special Euclidean group","volume":"83","author":"?esi?","year":"2016","journal-title":"Robot Auto Syst"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2533542"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8010089"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2018.06.001"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICARCV.2018.8581246"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2016.11.014"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2605163"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.01.007"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ChiCC.2016.7553978"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPIN.2019.8711717"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICCAS.2017.8204419"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2019.8814007"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MOCAST.2019.8742065"},{"key":"ref133","article-title":"A neural temporal model for human motion prediction","author":"gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computer Society Conf on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4160652"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020391"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITACEE.2018.8576928"},{"key":"ref132","first-page":"1282","article-title":"Generalized time warping for multi-modal alignment of human motion","author":"zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCICA.2018.8630513"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2016.1154"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2011.2113340"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2013.2238054"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2019.2892700"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060933"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2432511"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082730"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2905130"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072139"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics7060084"},{"key":"ref140","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison and evaluation of advanced motion models for vehicle tracking","author":"schubert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc 11th Inter Conf Info Fusion"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2876702"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBIO.2013.6739569"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Benchmarking robustness in object detection: Autonomous driving when winter is coming","author":"michaelis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref142","first-page":"1","article-title":"Integrating kinematics and environment context into deep inverse reinforcement learning for predicting off-road vehicle trajectories","volume":"16","author":"zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2015.368"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2343236"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"1672","article-title":"A review of environmetal sensing technology for autonomous vehicle","volume":"40","author":"wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Changchun Univ Sci Technol (Natural Sci Ed )"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAC.2017.8243970"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.03.061"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"1891","article-title":"multilayer Lidar’s environmental sensing in autonomous vehicle","volume":"40","author":"duan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Beijing Univ Technol"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CANDAR.2018.00035"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2017.7979175"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.04.048"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WPNC.2017.8250080"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPR.2015.7486580"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-017-1216-2"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2014.6957925"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15599610902717835"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2019.01.013"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4204\/EPTCS.269.4"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2018.2790910"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLII-1-247-2018"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2009.5164345"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2016.7795766"},{"key":"ref103","first-page":"341","article-title":"Review on technology of pixel-level image fusion","volume":"1","author":"li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Meas Inf Control (ICMIC)"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2822828"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSP.2014.7015223"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RoboMech.2016.7813156"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICN.2015.68"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2019.04.002"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2018.2875695"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8793263"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.08.029"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/201817007014"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18071999"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1224","article-title":"A new multi-sensor platform for adaptive driving assistance system (ADAS)","author":"jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 9th World Congr Intell Control Autom"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAS.2019.8706005"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IDAP.2018.8620826"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2200\/S00787ED1V01Y201707CSL009"},{"key":"ref118","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multi-sensor fusion recognition method based on improved D-S evidence theory","author":"yin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Inf Commun Technol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSD.2018.00056"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2019.2918115"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAIS.2018.8570551"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRIS.2016.8066089"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tee.22936"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LARS-SBR.2015.59"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UT.2019.8734350"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2329333"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2293534"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DISTRA.2017.8167681"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2924557"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2014.07.031"},{"key":"ref116","first-page":"141","article-title":"Further results on decision fusion in censoring sensor networks: An unknown network size","author":"wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 12th Int Workshop Signal Process Adv Wireless Commun"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2017.8317618"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25754-9"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-014-9730-3"},{"key":"ref89","first-page":"1768","article-title":"Target tracking system for multi-sensor data fusion","author":"ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE 2nd Inf Technol Netw Electron Autom Control Conf (ITNEC)"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"313","article-title":"Gait recognition system using decision-level fusion","author":"lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Ind Electron Appl Conf"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2018.8518027"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JURSE.2017.7924564"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ELINFOCOM.2019.8706441"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2915983"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2016.7472200"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2018.11.002"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/08943388.pdf?arnumber=8943388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T11:35:58Z","timestamp":1641987358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8943388\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":163,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2962554","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}