{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T14:58:29Z","timestamp":1782226709795,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.2968965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T02:07:28Z","timestamp":1581386848000},"page":"36612-36623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Multi-Feature View-Based Shallow Convolutional Neural Network for Road Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6778-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Junaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mubeen","family":"Ghafoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1667-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0899-7354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shehzad","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5314-8557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Ali","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0077-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghufran","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8176-3373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tehseen","family":"Zia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2017.11.003"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2017.11.021"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"ronneberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Med Image Comput Comput -Assist Intervent"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-019-00206-2"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2918700"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2935912"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"simonyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1409 1556"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2644615"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"lecun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"26","article-title":"Lecture 6.5-RMSPROP: Divide the gradient by a running average of its recent magnitude","volume":"4","author":"tieleman","year":"2012","journal-title":"COURSERA Neural Netw Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.350"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"3","article-title":"Rectifier nonlinearities improve neural network acoustic models","volume":"30","author":"maas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2018.5466"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift","author":"ioffe","year":"2015","journal-title":"arXiv 1502 03167"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2868813"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"1929","article-title":"Dropout: A simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting","volume":"15","author":"srivastava","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"265","article-title":"Tensorflow: A system for large-scale machine learning","author":"abadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc of USENIX Symp on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI)"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jmihi.2019.2512"},{"key":"ref67","year":"2019","journal-title":"Google Colaboratory"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2016.01.031","article-title":"Improving safety of transportation by using intelligent transport systems","volume":"134","author":"janu\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-3078-7"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-017-9524-y"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2003.10.003"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2016.7487486"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2013.05.052"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-017-9483-3"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126229"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539906"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.343"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0816-y"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"807","article-title":"Rectified linear units improve restricted Boltzmann machines","author":"nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 27th Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"195","article-title":"The influence of the sigmoid function parameters on the speed of backpropagation learning","author":"han","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Workshop Artificial Neural Networks"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2013.6728473"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.396"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33015581"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2750080"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2017.7995966"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2586187"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2016.XII.042"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"801","article-title":"Encoder-decoder with atrous separable convolution for semantic image segmentation","author":"chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.01.001"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"354","article-title":"A unified multi-scale deep convolutional neural network for fast object detection","author":"cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.91"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"2","article-title":"Augmented reality meets deep learning for car instance segmentation in urban scenes","volume":"1","author":"alhaija","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Brit Mach Vis Conf"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2295427"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2008.4621152"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2017.7995725"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2007.908582"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"274","article-title":"A survey of visually impaired consumers about self-driving vehicles","volume":"6","author":"brinkley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol Persons Disabilities Conf"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2015.38"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.232"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2482461"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2015.378"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1005-8885(15)60624-0"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3065386"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2700460"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7759717"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2916953"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"241","article-title":"A conditional adversarial network for semantic segmentation of brain tumor","author":"rezaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2018.2818620"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2930682"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.04.041"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2922648"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-018-9734-5"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/08988193.pdf?arnumber=8988193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T10:30:39Z","timestamp":1643279439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8988193\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":67,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.2968965","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}