{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:47:37Z","timestamp":1780501657843,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea-Grant funded by the Korean Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A2B5B02002478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2B5B02002478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.2984269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T20:10:10Z","timestamp":1585944610000},"page":"65230-65266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":190,"title":["Advancing Modern Healthcare With Nanotechnology, Nanobiosensors, and Internet of Nano Things: Taxonomies, Applications, Architecture, and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9438-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pijush Kanti Dutta","family":"Pramanik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Solanki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-205X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhinaba","family":"Debnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9821-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Nayyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9705-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaker","family":"El-Sappagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9559-4352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-Sup","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.12.006"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.11.025"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.111630"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2012.12.009"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.01.004"},{"key":"ref176","first-page":"4","article-title":"Role of nanotechnology in new drug delivery systems","volume":"3","author":"duggal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Drug Delivery Res"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-2-16"},{"key":"ref178","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425240903579971"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.11.067"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoso.2019.100397"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2004.10.004"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2005.07.012"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(03)00059-6"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00078988808048811"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b01493"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CS15238F"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"19","article-title":"Artificially coupled reactions with immobilized enzymes: Biological analogs and technical consequences","author":"schubert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bioinstrumentation and Biosensors"},{"key":"ref36","author":"wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sensor Technology Handbook"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2004.12.003"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470511305","author":"eggins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chemical Sensors and Biosensors"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813740-6.00012-0"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.03.035"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2347-9264.139698"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.12.024"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.164"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(15)40430-X"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.10.32"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/9\/3\/035005"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.10.32"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2018.01.009"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119418900.ch4"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review on the classification, characterisation, synthesis of nanoparticles and their application","author":"ealias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 14th Int Conf Sci Eng Technol (ICSET)"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn401617u"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mset.2019.08.007"},{"key":"ref20","author":"dobson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Nanoparticles"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cs35486e"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b822966j"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.05.012"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA09021E"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00457A"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9030316"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biosensors recognition element","volume":"10","author":"chamber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2011.09.003"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2019.105766"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.01.046"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b806051g"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118956"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2013.01.037"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.04.067"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.10.012"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10030134"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.01.010"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.03.013"},{"key":"ref149","first-page":"86","article-title":"Preparation, characterization and physico-chemical properties of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC): Their benefits as colloidal drug carrier systems","volume":"61","author":"uner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.07.078"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDD.S39421"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.05.011"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios8020035"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.11.006"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2012.12.045"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdp.2004.12.003"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"249","article-title":"Molecular biotechnology","volume":"32","author":"newman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Enzymatic Biosensors"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2006.06.036"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.06.052"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2004.10.005"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.05.017"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2018.06.005"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2745\/dds.5.261"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(91)90120-5"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2013.04.014"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.01.045"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-4044-1.ch007"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70688-7_1"},{"key":"ref6","volume":"2","author":"kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handbook of Particulate Drug Delivery"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Internet of Things, smart sensors, and pervasive systems: Enabling the connected and pervasive health care","author":"pramanik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Data Management and Analytics for Medicine and Healthcare"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"201","article-title":"Security and privacy in remote health care: Issues, solutions and standards","author":"pramanik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemedicine Technologies Big Data Deep Learning Robotics Mobile and Remote Applications for Global Healthcare"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.06.003"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"89","article-title":"WBAN: Driving E-healthcare beyond telemedicine to remote health monitoring. Architecture and protocols","author":"pramanik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telemedicine Technologies Big Data Deep Learning Robotics Mobile and Remote Applications for Global Healthcare"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1351\/pac199971122333"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17435889.2.5.681"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5840\/techne20081231"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2014.05.003"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64052-9.00040-6"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.abl.2016.04.005"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0956-5663(92)85043-A"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809261-3.00013-9"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2009.01.015"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s8031400"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/327435"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2009.12.004"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2014.12.012"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(95)01681-3"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-44923-6.00006-6"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809633-8.12245-9"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/305\/1\/012005"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.12.023"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50064a012"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-008-9561-2"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20150011","article-title":"Acoustic biosensors","volume":"60","author":"fogel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"451","article-title":"Acoustic wave biosensors","author":"lec","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc 20th Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1061934817040116"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385089-8.00004-2"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2015.03.017"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b04067"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00179"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11030388"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2017.09.010"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051440"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-012-0823-4"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2526055"},{"key":"ref197","article-title":"Continuous assessment of epileptic seizures with wrist-worn biosensors","author":"poh","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2013.08.006"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-2324-9_16"},{"key":"ref193","first-page":"6","article-title":"Nanotechnology in dentistry: Present and future","volume":"6","author":"bhardwaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int Oral Health JIOH"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.08.193"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S2339547815500090"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcj-8-1-6"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24142558"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2017.03.002"},{"key":"ref190","first-page":"38","article-title":"Screening evaluation of an ionized nanocrystalline silver dressing in chronic wound care","volume":"47","author":"sibbald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"ref93","first-page":"260","article-title":"Electrically conductive nanocompositive coating for strain and health monitoring","author":"luo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc 5th Int Conf FRP Compos Civil Eng (CICE)"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2019.102129"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2017.07.004"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr3002627"},{"key":"ref91","author":"ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Role of Nanotechnology in the Oil and Gas Industry"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3669944"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01735"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804301-1.00018-7"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01014"},{"key":"ref97","article-title":"Internet of NanoThings: Concepts and applications","author":"almazrouei","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1809 08914"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"23","article-title":"The future of healthcare: Nanomedicine and Internet of Nano Things","volume":"50","author":"omanovi?-mikli?anin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Folia Med"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"18","article-title":"Nanotechnology based biosensors and its application","volume":"5","author":"pandit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1024422"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986608785203791"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2009.06.003"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2008.12.001"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-7071-4.ch004"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2012.389"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11708-012-0219-5"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22430\/22565337.720"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/670815"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.039131"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6122529"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2015.01.006"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2008.04.001"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"23","article-title":"The future of healthcare: Nanomedicine and Internet of nano things","author":"omanovi?-mikli?anin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc 1st Conf Med Biol Eng"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2010.04.001"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2010.5675779"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2012.6339471"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2573679"},{"key":"ref206","first-page":"4","article-title":"Internet of nano Things (IoNT): Next evolutionary step in nanotechnology","volume":"7","author":"nayyar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanosci Nanotechnol"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2013.6590053"},{"key":"ref210","first-page":"1","article-title":"Propagation models for nanocommunication networks","author":"akyildiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc of the European Conf on Antennas and Propag (EuCAP)"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2014.6882305"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2017.2692646"},{"key":"ref214","article-title":"Multiple sensor tracking and data fusion","author":"blackman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Introduction to Sensor Systems"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSD.2017.8166984"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCWD.2013.6581043"},{"key":"ref217","first-page":"127","article-title":"Research on data mining models for the Internet of Things","author":"bin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Image Anal Signal Process (IASP)"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5.1","DOI":"10.1088\/978-0-7503-1505-0ch5","article-title":"Medical IoT systems: Architecture and security","author":"mathur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wearable Sensor Application design and Implementation"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2958684"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12694\/scpe.v20i2.1517"},{"key":"ref222","author":"waegemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Confidentiality and Security for e-Health"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.15265\/IY-2016-025","article-title":"Unintended consequences of wearable sensor use in healthcare: Contribution of the IMIA wearable sensors in healthcare WG","volume":"25","author":"schukat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Yearbook Med Informatics"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-2-240"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-1611-7-13"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7060516"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/ijbsbe.2017.03.00050"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2014.04.005"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082414"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40860-016-0027-5"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR03402A"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4786917"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-39226-6.00003-5"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2205430"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4861032"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.08.041"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano7090243"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201400963"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13204-013-0216-y"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17530059.2011.607161"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2182471"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2016.7577059"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11693-013-9116-4"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16966-14"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00619"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S76501"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1263\/jbb.100.1"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1845637"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.10057"},{"key":"ref141","article-title":"Nanopharmaceuticals: A New perspective of drug delivery system","volume":"2","author":"saad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v6i1.1190"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2421"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"37","article-title":"IoT data processing: The different archetypes and their security & privacy assessments","author":"pramanik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internet of Things (IoT) Security Fundamentals Techniques and Applications"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-017-0161-x","article-title":"Pharmacogenomic biomarkers for improved drug therapy&#x2014;Recent progress","volume":"20","author":"lauschke","year":"2018","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"ref1","author":"nelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reversing a Trend Toward &#x2019;Nano&#x2019; DOE Asks Researchers to Think &#x2019;MESO&#x2019;"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.959329"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.005"},{"key":"ref108","first-page":"175","article-title":"Fullerenes for biomedical applications","volume":"3","author":"kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Environ Applied Bioresearch"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2005.850478"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-2831"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar700089b"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3773(20020715)41:14<2508::AID-ANIE2508>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1468"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2006.209"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6845-4_4"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00032a063"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2009.04.027"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2003.09.036"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S4506"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.05.011"},{"key":"ref13","author":"aggeliki","year":"2011","journal-title":"On the basic concept of nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.50"},{"key":"ref15","author":"berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano-Society Pushing the Boundaries of Technology"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"149","article-title":"Nanoscale modifications of dental implants: An emerging trend","volume":"4","author":"rathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Appl Dental Sci"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-2-74"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48009-1_2"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10559-3","author":"schaefer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanoscience the Science of the Small in Physics Engineering Chemistry Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/I2CT.2017.8226154"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.02.013"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00610"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(00)00082-3"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt994"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460400300104"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2232479100"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13725"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21084-8"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/tde.15.92"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092210"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/09056855.pdf?arnumber=9056855","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T13:55:47Z","timestamp":1695995747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9056855\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":231,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.2984269","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}