{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:34:26Z","timestamp":1770356066157,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003009","name":"Egyptian Science and Technology Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["25977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3009898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T20:26:01Z","timestamp":1595017561000},"page":"136243-136259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Optimized Edge Detection Technique for Brain Tumor Detection in MR Images"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0549-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Abdel-Gawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8223-4625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lobna A.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6119-8482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed G.","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2958370"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.02.032"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Brain’s tumor image processing using shearlet transform","volume":"10396","author":"cadena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"158","article-title":"Radiographic images fractional edge detection based on genetic algorithm","volume":"11","author":"el-araby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Intell Eng Syst"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"116","article-title":"Application of soft computing approach for edge detection","volume":"3","author":"joshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Innovation and Management"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15680\/ijircce.2015.0307033"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2020.107495"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.107444"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.12.006"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPACES.2015.7058284"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"149","article-title":"Optimal edge detection filter using genetic algorithm","volume":"13","author":"naife","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Kerbala Univ"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(94)90003-5"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2016.08.017"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Object enhancement and extraction","volume":"10","author":"prewitt","year":"1970","journal-title":"Picture Processing and Psychopictories"},{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Machine perception of three-dimensional solids","author":"roberts","year":"1963"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.06.036"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"5173","article-title":"A fractional-order Sobel operator for medical image structure feature extraction","volume":"860","author":"tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Mater Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2993607"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSP.2006.345713"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"4328","article-title":"The construction of fractional differential gradient operator","volume":"7","author":"yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Comput Inf Syst"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/896938"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2012.0660"},{"key":"ref50","author":"meyer-baese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition and Signal Analysis in Medical Imaging"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00175354"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-013-9622-7"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169108955241"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.03.045"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1979.11325"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"993","article-title":"An improved method of digital image correlation","volume":"41","author":"keating","year":"1975","journal-title":"Photogramm Eng Remote Sens"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"151","article-title":"Genetic algorithms, numerical optimization, and constraints","volume":"195","author":"michalewicz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms"},{"key":"ref10","volume":"204","author":"kilbas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theory and Applications Of Fractinal Differential Equations"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2017.06.010"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2006.01.025"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2018.08.047"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.107280"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2018.2885013"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-018-4703-2"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2997765"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2934322"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2017.05.047"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/fca-2016-0063"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"271","article-title":"A 3 × 3 isotropic gradient operator for image processing","author":"sobel","year":"1968","journal-title":"A Talk at the Stanford Artificial Project in"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Real-time volume graphics","author":"engel","year":"2006","journal-title":"EUROGRAPHICS"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2002.800887"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1987.4767946"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2009.2032942"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00023-6"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1090.001.0001"},{"key":"ref9","author":"oldman","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Fractional Calculus Theory and Applications of Differentiation and Integration to Arbitrary Order"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"1","article-title":"An improved canny edge detection algorithm for detecting brain tumors in MRI images","volume":"3","author":"stosic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Signal Process"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"85","article-title":"Brain segmentation using fuzzy C means clustering to detect tumour region","volume":"1","author":"bhide","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res Comput Sci Electron Eng"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brain tumour extraction from MRI images using MATLAB","volume":"2","author":"patil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Electron Commun Soft Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"New morphological technique for medical image segmentation","author":"verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Conf Comput Intell Commun Technol (CICT)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.834618"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"356","article-title":"Estimation of tumor volume with fuzzy-connectedness segmentation of MR images","volume":"23","author":"moonis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Amer J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/9366-3820"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11866763_97"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/09143122.pdf?arnumber=9143122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T15:57:38Z","timestamp":1642003058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9143122\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.3009898","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}