{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T16:30:08Z","timestamp":1774369808211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DG-047-611-1440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DG-047-611-1440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3010882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T20:48:06Z","timestamp":1595364486000},"page":"136460-136486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Manuscripts Image Retrieval Using Deep Learning Incorporating a Variety of Fusion Levels"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0830-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manal M.","family":"Khayyat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5781-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lamiaa A.","family":"Elrefaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2961964"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"461","author":"jovic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Image Retrieval Based on Similarity Score Fusion from Feature Similarity Ranking Lists"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5120\/19167-0629"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.11.020"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AITB48515.2019.8947433"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Character recognition and extraction of an Indian state license plates using K-NN","author":"ponakala","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2018.11.015"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"109","article-title":"Segmenting Arabic handwritten documents into text lines and words","volume":"6","author":"al-dmour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Technol"},{"key":"ref75","author":"prabhakaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cosine Similarity—Understanding the Math and How it Works (With Python Codes)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RCIS.2009.5089285"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.10.117","article-title":"AraVec: A set of Arabic word embedding models for use in Arabic NLP","volume":"117","author":"soliman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.11.016"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEEGCC.2017.8448259"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"448","article-title":"Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift","author":"ioffe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ICML"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Image retrieval and pattern spotting using Siamese neural network","author":"wiggers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IJCNN"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2019.04.004"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EL-11-2017-0236"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030346"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-017-0289-3"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-018-0312-3"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2736343"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.06.077"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRAECT.2017.39"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2017.2719043"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Siamese network of deep Fisher-vector descriptors for image retrieval","volume":"1","author":"ong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2019.01.011"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5314-5"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"1","article-title":"An evaluation of score level fusion approaches for fingerprint and finger-vein biometrics","author":"vishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 10th Norway Inf Secur Conf (NISK)"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27552-4_123"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2018.8500465"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2017.01.012"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.89"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2017.05.003"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2017.11.011"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on image retrieval methods","author":"marshall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc CIET-ECE DEPT Conf"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2018.11.046"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-012-1334-3"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-03095-1_37"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.09.005"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2846566"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Siamese neural networks for one-shot image recognition","volume":"37","author":"koch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Nd Int Conf Mach Learn (JMLR W&CP )"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2017.150"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-1174"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-3002"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.10.005"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071733"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072080"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2585575"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00847-5_42"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-018-9636-0"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.251"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2014.05.003"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/69.755615"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"286","article-title":"Image retrieval system by automatic annotation","volume":"1","author":"saleem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semantic Scholar"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Arabic manuscripts analysis and retrieval","author":"othman","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2016.01.001"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.647755"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"19","article-title":"Image retrieval techniques: A survey","volume":"9","author":"reddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Electron Commun Eng"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"815","article-title":"Content-based image retrieval with relevance feedback in MARs","author":"rui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Image Process"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Distributed representations of sentences and documents","volume":"32","author":"le","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc JMLR"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"75","article-title":"Techniques of content based image retrieval: A review","author":"wadhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attention is all you need","author":"vaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 31st Conf Neural Inf Process Syst (NIPS)"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"247","article-title":"A study on different image retrieval techniques in image processing","volume":"1","author":"ahmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eng Comput"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards author recognition of ancient Arabic manuscripts using deep learning: A transfer learning approach","volume":"9","author":"khayyat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Comput Digital Syst"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.14419\/ijet.v7i1.2.9231","article-title":"Image retrieval techniques: A survey","volume":"7","author":"dureja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19479830903561944"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12785\/ijcds\/070604"},{"key":"ref80","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of batch normalization on deep convolutional neural networks","author":"schilling","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref3","author":"nigam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Understanding Neural Networks\""},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2018.090610"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"179","volume":"12","author":"alayba","year":"2018","journal-title":"A Combined CNN and LSTM Model for Arabic Sentiment Analysis"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-018-9940-3"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Content-based retrieval of Arabic historical manuscripts using latent semantic indexing","author":"yahia","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref86","first-page":"1","article-title":"A deep learning based prediction of Arabic manuscripts handwriting style","volume":"17","author":"khayyat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arab J Inf Technol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.12.007"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-018-1176-4"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"304","article-title":"Handwriting Arabic character recognition LeNet using neural network","volume":"6","author":"al-jawfi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Arab J Inf Technol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.102121"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"AttentionXML: Label tree-based attention-aware deep model for high-performance extreme multi-label text classification","author":"you","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc NIPS"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73618-1_16"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.01.078"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25046\/aj040612"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"47","article-title":"Text lines segmentation of handwritten Arabic script using outer isothetic cover","volume":"16","author":"snoussi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Comput Vis Graph Image Process"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"1","author":"qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Deep learning based authorship identification"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning for image hashing","volume":"2","author":"peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1802 02904"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/09145565.pdf?arnumber=9145565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T15:57:39Z","timestamp":1642003059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9145565\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":86,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.3010882","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}