{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T04:48:19Z","timestamp":1769316499835,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"NRF grant through the Korea government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF- 2020R1I1A3073683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF- 2020R1I1A3073683"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Information Technology Research Centre (ITRC) support program supervised by the IITPM","award":["IITP-2020-2018-0-01433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2020-2018-0-01433"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3012467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T22:11:41Z","timestamp":1595974301000},"page":"137838-137855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Architectural Advancement of Digital Low-Dropout Regulators"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7574-8695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Abrar","family":"Akram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Chul","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3589-086X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohmyung","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASSCC.2011.6123569"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"486","article-title":"13% power reduction in 16b integer unit in 40nm CMOS by adaptive power supply voltage control with parity-based error prediction and detection (PEPD) and fully integrated digital LDO","author":"hirairi","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Fine-grain on-chip power management using digital and digitally-assisted linear voltage regulators","author":"nasir","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2309902"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2010.2043401"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2004.829239"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"1","article-title":"0.5-V input digital LDO with 98.7% current efficiency and 2.7-$\\mu\\text{A}$\n quiescent current in 65 nm CMOS","author":"okuma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Custom Integr Circuits Conf"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2009.2014206"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2006.885060"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.499735"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"492","article-title":"32.4 a 0.4-to-1.2 V 0.0057 mm$^{2}~55$\nfs-Transient-FoM Ring-Amplifier-Based low-dropout regulator with replica-based PSR enhancement","author":"park","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"106","article-title":"5.11 a 65 nm inverter-based low-dropout regulator with rail-to-rail regulation and over ?20 dB PSR at 0.2 V lowest supply voltage","author":"yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2342380"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2289897"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.1999.777521"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPE.1994.573210"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Understanding the terms and definitions of LDO voltage regulators","author":"lee","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2503919"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC.2016.7598306"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2297395"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2961854"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2004.842831"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2016.2614308"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2014.2333755"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2016.2982"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"178","article-title":"A 50 nA quiescent current asynchronous digital-LDO with PLL-modulated fast-DVS power management in 40 nm CMOS for 5.6 times MIPS performance","author":"lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Symp VLSI Circuits (VLSIC)"},{"key":"ref57","author":"vander velde","year":"1968","journal-title":"Multiple-Input Describing Functions and Nonlinear System Design"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APEC.2015.7104377"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS.2019.8885068"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2534778"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"306","article-title":"A 0.4 V 430 nA quiescent current NMOS digital LDO with NAND-based analog-assisted loop in 28 nm CMOS","author":"ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2870558"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2011.2143438"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2015.2457920","article-title":"Enabling wide autonomous DVFS in a 22 nm graphics execution core using a digitally controlled fully integrated voltage regulator","volume":"51","author":"kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"96","article-title":"5.1 POWER8TM: A 12-core server-class processor in 22 nm SOI with 7.6 Tb\/s off-chip bandwidth","author":"fluhr","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2012.2230408"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"52","article-title":"3.2 Zen: A next-generation high-performance $\\times86$\n core","author":"singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.654935"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2017.2771942"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-29395-0_41"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"A low-noise low drop-out regulator for portable equipment","author":"wong","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2506605"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SOCC.2012.6398369"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2530094"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2016.2519446"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2013.2237991"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2014.2353798"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2751512"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2018.2871039"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2006.883204"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.173122"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2009.2015207","article-title":"Analyses of static and dynamic random offset voltages in dynamic comparators","volume":"56","author":"he","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Reg Papers"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2020.2965151"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2709311"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2018.2875828"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2015.7338389"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"180","article-title":"A 0.6&#x2013;1 V input capacitor-less asynchronous digital LDO with fast transient response achieving 9.5 b over 500 mA loading range in 65-nm CMOS","author":"yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Eur Solid-State Circuits Conf (ESSCIRC)"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APCCAS.2016.7803889"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2017.2682862"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2016.2596708"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"312","article-title":"A sub-1.55 mV-accuracy 36.9 ps-FOM digital-low-dropout regulator employing switched-capacitor resistance","author":"salem","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"1","article-title":"A fully-synthesizable 0.6 V digital LDO with dual-loop control using digital standard cells","author":"liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int New Circuits Syst Conf (NEWCAS)"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2018.8351669"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2018.8357021"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"206","article-title":"A 0.7 V Fully-on-chip pseudo-digital LDO regulator with 6.3 $\\mu\\text{A}$\n quiescent current and 100 mV dropout voltage in 0.18-$\\mu\\text{m}$\n CMOS","author":"tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE European Solid-State Circuits Conf (ESSCIRC)"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2018.2885217"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2019.8702758"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2019.2920910"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"112","article-title":"5.9 haswell: A family of IA 22 nm processors","author":"kurd","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2952132"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"98","article-title":"5.2 distributed system of digitally controlled microregulators enabling per-core DVFS for the POWER8TM microprocessor","author":"toprak-deniz","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"1","article-title":"A sub-1 V analog-assisted inverter-based digital low-dropout regulator with a fast response time at 25 mA\/100ps and 99.4% current efficiency","author":"nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Custom Integr Circuits Conf (CICC)"},{"key":"ref94","first-page":"310","article-title":"A 500 mA analog-assisted digital-LDO-based on-chip distributed power delivery grid with cooperative regulation and IR-drop reduction in 65 nm CMOS","author":"lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2930490"},{"key":"ref106","first-page":"382","article-title":"25.2 a 480 mA output-capacitor-free synthesizable digital LDO using CMP-triggered oscillator and droop detector with 99.99% current efficiency, 1.3 ns response time, and 9.8 A\/mm2 current density","author":"oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2019.2950152"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"380","article-title":"25.1 a fully synthesizable distributed and scalable all-digital LDO in 10 nm CMOS","author":"bang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2012.2230025"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"234","article-title":"14.7 a modular hybrid LDO with fast load-transient response and programmable PSRR in 14 nm CMOS featuring dynamic clamp tuning and time-constant compensation","author":"liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2019.0505"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2020.2967540"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2767183"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.2979336"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VLSIC.2018.8502295"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ESSCIRC.2019.8902511"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2019.8780214"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.701230"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.1987.1052744"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.135336"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2013.2287282"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2014.6757446"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2010.2068110"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2012.2215392"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2017.2740269"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2010.2072611"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"346","article-title":"20.6 a 0.5 V-VIN 1.44 mA-class event-driven digital LDO with a fully integrated 100 pF output capacitor","author":"kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2016.2576480"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2020.3009451"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2628965"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"109","article-title":"0.5 V-VIN, 165-mA\/mm2 fully-integrated digital LDO based on event-driven self-triggering control","author":"kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Symp VLSI Circuits"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2016.7417950"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2018.2834899"},{"key":"ref85","first-page":"230","article-title":"14.5 a 0.6-to-1.1 V computationally regulated digital LDO with 2.79-cycle mean settling time and autonomous runtime gain tracking in 65 nm CMOS","author":"sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/APCCAS.2016.7803890"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-017-1028-x"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"340","article-title":"20.3 a 100nA-to-2 mA successive-approximation digital LDO with PD compensation and sub-LSB duty control achieving a 15.1 ns response time at 0.5 V","author":"salem","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf (ISSCC) Dig Tech Papers"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/09151123.pdf?arnumber=9151123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T15:57:35Z","timestamp":1642003055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9151123\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":106,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.3012467","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}