{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T14:12:26Z","timestamp":1760710346191,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["822337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["822337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3017797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T20:10:30Z","timestamp":1597867830000},"page":"154095-154113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Semantic and Syntactic Similarity Measure for Political Tweets"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4803-3007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-5176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Mclean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1941-6201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keeley","family":"Crockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3903-2507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCES.2018.8639217"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W15-4322"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/219717.219748"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"363","article-title":"Measuring the similarity of short texts by word similarity and tree kernels","author":"tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Youth Conf Inf Comput Telecommun"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BDCAT.2018.00023"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2537046"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2983323.2983915"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"1631","article-title":"Recursive deep models for semantic compositionality over a sentiment treebank","author":"socher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 2013 Conf Empirical Methods Nat Lang Process"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1181"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1137","article-title":"A neural probabilistic language model","volume":"3","author":"bengio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.104.2.211"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49i","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx238","article-title":"BIOSSES: A semantic sentence similarity estimation system for the biomedical domain","volume":"33","author":"\u00f6zt\u00e4rk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0046-6"},{"journal-title":"National Politics on Twitter Small Share of U S Adults Produce Majority of Tweets","year":"2019","key":"ref2"},{"journal-title":"Q1 2019 Earnings Report Twitter Investor Relations","year":"2020","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/S14-2010"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI.2016.0097"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1146"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jaci.2013040104"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2924314"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Calculating the similarity between words and sentences using a lexical database and corpus statistics","author":"pawar","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1802 05667"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04357-9"},{"journal-title":"Part-of-speech Tagging","year":"2020","key":"ref50"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12290-015-0347-5"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1207697"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10791-017-9319-5"},{"journal-title":"We the People’ The Battle to Define Populism","year":"2020","key":"ref12"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"3111","article-title":"Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality","author":"mikolov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2017.1328525"},{"article-title":"An integrated semantic-based framework for intelligent similarity measurement and clustering of microblogging posts","year":"2019","author":"alnajran","key":"ref16"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2017.01.002"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2006.130"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJACI.20201001.oa1"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814522952"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2018.1449883"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439317730302"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13527266.2018.1504228"},{"journal-title":"A first look at COVID-19 information and misinformation sharing on Twitter","year":"2020","author":"singh","key":"ref8"},{"journal-title":"Digital Technology and the Resurrection of Trust","year":"2020","key":"ref7"},{"year":"2020","key":"ref49"},{"journal-title":"Covid-19 Disinformation Briefing","year":"2020","key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"239","article-title":"Linking tweets to news: A framework to enrich short text data in social media","author":"guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc ACL"},{"journal-title":"NLTK 3 2 5 documentation","year":"2020","key":"ref45"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-2131"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space","author":"mikolov","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv 1301 3781 [cs]"},{"journal-title":"PyMongo 3 10 1 Documentation","year":"2020","key":"ref42"},{"journal-title":"Tweepy Documentation","year":"2020","key":"ref41"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"40","article-title":"Software Framework for Topic Modelling with Large Corpora","author":"sojka","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Challenges for NLP Frameworks Workshop LREC"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2567948.2576952"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/09171252.pdf?arnumber=9171252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:55:18Z","timestamp":1639770918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9171252\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":50,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.3017797","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2169-3536"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}