{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T07:58:38Z","timestamp":1773129518200,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":228,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001775","name":"Joint Technology and Innovation Research Centre\u2014a partnership between the University of Technology Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015548","name":"\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015548","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Engineering and Technology Hanoi"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004692","name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3018140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T20:04:06Z","timestamp":1597953846000},"page":"153479-153507","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["A Comprehensive Survey of Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing\u2014Part I: Fundamentals and Enabling Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6461-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8862-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuris Mulya","family":"Saputra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7696-0521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Van","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9302-6474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ngoc-Tan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6488-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tran Viet","family":"Khoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7306-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bui Minh","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2659-8648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diep N.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9528-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinh Thai","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8374-443X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thang X.","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4268-9286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eryk","family":"Dutkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5122-0001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Symeon","family":"Chatzinotas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2298-6774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bjorn","family":"Ottersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2921529"},{"key":"ref172","first-page":"70","article-title":"A RSSI-based algorithm for indoor localization using Zigbee in wireless sensor network","author":"chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 15th Int Conf Distrib Multimedia Syst"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2851675"},{"key":"ref174","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aqua Plumbing & Air"},{"key":"ref173","first-page":"50","article-title":"ZigBee RF signal strength for indoor location sensing-experiments and results","author":"subaashini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Adv Commun Technol (ICACT)"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/98.626982"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.220"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2020.2981485"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2005.1545031"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2867935"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2961691"},{"key":"ref39","author":"mcfall-johnsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Countries in Asia are Facing New Waves of Coronavirus Infections After Lockdowns Lift The Same Could Happen in the Rest of the World Business Insider"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2020","journal-title":"Our World in Data"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030361"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04795"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06732"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004005"},{"key":"ref37","year":"2020","journal-title":"Our World in Data"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000793"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-679"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1211.060255"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"295","article-title":"Firefly capturing method and its application to performance analysis of athlete","author":"fujiwara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc SICE Annu Conf"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03091900512331304556"},{"key":"ref185","author":"lloyd","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thermal Imaging Systems"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.02.164","article-title":"Development of the thermal imaging camera (TIC) technology","volume":"172","author":"szajewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2011.10.006"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSAP.2009.12"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19235084"},{"key":"ref188","first-page":"44","article-title":"Low-cost vision-based positioning system","author":"yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 14th Int Conf Location Based Services"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2565899"},{"key":"ref186","author":"johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social-Distancing Monitoring Using Portable Electronic Devices"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301269"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-522"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2016.09.009"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816000169"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7060497"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6685759"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2011.5751292"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2005.0042"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2703620"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144500371907"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307506101"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2403868"},{"key":"ref51","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wi-Fi Alliance Introduces Wi-Fi 6"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2012.2230596"},{"key":"ref153","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fingerprinting localization of RFID tags with real-time performance-assessment, using a moving robot","author":"megalou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Antennas Propag (EuCap)"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900109"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2841964"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2017.2766526"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2014.2347691"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"1","article-title":"Active RFID based indoor localization","author":"wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Inf Fusion (FUSION)"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198106197200105"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058802"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2889928"},{"key":"ref149","author":"zart","year":"2020","journal-title":"WeRide Resumes Robotaxi Service in China After COVID-19"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2017.2669339"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19102300"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081789"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2910664"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2833021"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3365245.3365261"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2009.2029191"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN.2019.8911774"},{"key":"ref40","author":"ackland","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv preprint medRxiv 2020 06 18 20135004v1"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEESA.2013.6578423"},{"key":"ref166","year":"2020","journal-title":"Various Systems Using RAIN RFID Technology"},{"key":"ref165","year":"2020","journal-title":"Understanding Bluetooth Range"},{"key":"ref164","author":"mitchell","year":"2019","journal-title":"What is the Range of a Typical Wi-Fi Network?"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2430171"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2012.022112.120131"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSN.2011.36"},{"key":"ref160","year":"2020","journal-title":"ZigBee"},{"key":"ref4","author":"lempinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"COVID-19 Economic Impact Human Solutions"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref6","author":"sullivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Unemployment Rate Predicted to Reach 10 Per Cent Amid Coronavirus Pandemic Pushing Australia Into Recession"},{"key":"ref5","author":"evans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canada Lost More Than 1 Million Jobs Last Month as COVID-19 Struck"},{"key":"ref8","author":"pickert","year":"2020","journal-title":"U S Recession Model at 100% Confirms Downturn is Already Here"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-013-1067-x"},{"key":"ref7","author":"gopinath","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Great Lockdown Worst Economic Downturn Since the Great Depression"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729548"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230543.3230565"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2020","journal-title":"BBC News"},{"key":"ref158","year":"2018","journal-title":"DataFlair Team"},{"key":"ref46","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)"},{"key":"ref45","author":"ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coronavirus Has a Second Wave of Infections Hit Iran? BBC"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"2323","article-title":"Round-trip time-based wireless positioning without time synchronization","author":"park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Control Autom Syst"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FUTURETECH.2010.5482731"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Quantifying the effect of quarantine control in Covid-19 infectious spread using machine learning","author":"dandekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv preprint medRxiv 10 1101\/2020 06 18 20135004v1"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00649-w"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611071104"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2007.1197"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2785181"},{"key":"ref72","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cisco Annual Internet Report (2018–2023)"},{"key":"ref71","author":"jancowicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"At Least 6 Countries Reimposed Lockdown Measures as New Coronavirus Cases Flared Up Again Here’s What they Looked Like Business Insider"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2013.022213.122885"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2899313"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2669963"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2855063"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2532458"},{"key":"ref78","year":"2020","journal-title":"BBC Technology"},{"key":"ref79","author":"sandurskaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Moscow Plans Coronavirus Surveillance for Foreigners The Moscow Times"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2486001.2486039"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"135","article-title":"Optimization WiFi indoor positioning KNN algorithm location-based fingerprint","author":"ge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 7th IEEE Int Conf Softw Eng Service Sci (ICSESS)"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010143"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudNet.2016.43"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2015.2451641"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2016.7562263"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/608\/1\/012008"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICN.2019.8834936"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UPINLBS.2018.8559775"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"1","article-title":"A practical path loss model for indoor WiFi positioning enhancement","author":"bose","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Info Commun Signal Process"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2013.1881"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12065"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.1110.0482"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10951-011-0245-x"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/net.3230200103"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-007-9015-x"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07408170304395"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700660"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2514418"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1458275"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2018.1800021"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2008.02.038"},{"key":"ref92","author":"giles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsoft Teams Has Seen a 775% Rise in Users in Italy Because of COVID-19"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2007.11.008"},{"key":"ref91","author":"williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"COVID-19 Zoom Downloads Explode as People Work From Home"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2694863"},{"key":"ref98","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bluetooth technology"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2019.101922"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2017.2677942"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700405"},{"key":"ref82","author":"pollina","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Mobile Operators Share Data for Coronavirus Fight"},{"key":"ref81","author":"lyons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Governments Around the World are Increasingly Using Location Data to Manage the Coronavirus"},{"key":"ref84","author":"eun-jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"SK Telecom Joins Forces With North Gyeongsang Provincial Police Agency to Contain COVID-19 Spread"},{"key":"ref83","author":"jay teiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"UK Telecom Operators to Share Citizens’ Location Data With the Government"},{"key":"ref80","author":"timberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Government Efforts to Track Virus Through Phone Location Data Complicated by Privacy Concerns The Washington Post"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2019.8737488"},{"key":"ref85","author":"rowland ausdroid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vodafone Handed Over ‘Aggregate Network Information’ to Governments to Allow Measurement of Australian’s Movements"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1800104"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2929430"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8057230"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10100-013-0305-8"},{"key":"ref101","author":"gredley 7news","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phone Tracking Considered to Curb Spread of COVID-19"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16050596"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12206-011-0805-1"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.12.013"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CoASE.2014.6899382"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10729-013-9243-1"},{"key":"ref202","first-page":"124","article-title":"Optimization of daily scheduling for home health care services","volume":"3","author":"trautsamwieser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Appl Oper Res"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2017.2733344"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2012.6362768"},{"key":"ref205","article-title":"A pedestrian hopping model and traffic light scheduling for pedestrian-vehicle mixed-flow networks","author":"zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1705 05251"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2852646"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-011-9571-7"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463317000194"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2007.363617"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2016.2637902"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2797206"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2773646"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816824"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.02.079"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2933970"},{"key":"ref219","article-title":"FedLoc: Federated learning framework for data-driven cooperative localization and location data processing","author":"yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2003 03697"},{"key":"ref220","article-title":"Machine learning at the edge: A data-driven architecture with applications to 5G cellular networks","author":"polese","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1808 07647"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3381014"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2018.1800155"},{"key":"ref228","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ministry of Housing Communities & Local Government"},{"key":"ref227","author":"ankel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photos Show How the World is Readapting to Socially Distanced Life During the Coronavirus Pandemic From Plastic Table Barriers to Taped-Up Urinals"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600725CM"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1700965"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-017-1771-6"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2654355"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2372312"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2915923"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2017.2681398"},{"key":"ref124","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ubisense"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2723766"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061599"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2680978"},{"key":"ref133","author":"dawoud","year":"2012","journal-title":"GNSS Principles and Comparison"},{"key":"ref134","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency"},{"key":"ref131","article-title":"Electronic devices with motion sensing and angle of arrival detection circuitry","author":"ertan","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3302506.3310389"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSMA.2015.51"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013933626682","article-title":"GPS-free positioning in mobile ad hoc networks","volume":"5","author":"?apkun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cluster Comput"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-012-0269-5"},{"key":"ref137","article-title":"Centimeter accurate global positioning system receiver for on-the-fly real-time kinematic measurement and control","author":"talbot","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/ab5d87"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.972490"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2018.08.025"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2009.5069380"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2019.0944"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-017-0647-0"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3018124"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020294019827329"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2925010"},{"key":"ref108","author":"bhavani","year":"2020","journal-title":"This App Scores You on Your Social Distancing Amid the Coronavirus Pandemic"},{"key":"ref107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pan-European Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing"},{"key":"ref106","year":"2020","journal-title":"PACT Private Automated Contact Tracing"},{"key":"ref105","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tracetogether"},{"key":"ref104","year":"2020","journal-title":"Privacy Preserving Contact Tracing"},{"key":"ref103","author":"romm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Apple Google Debut Major Effort to Help People Track if They’ve Come in Contact With Coronavirus"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/33696"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSN.2015.14"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2430281"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700879"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04017"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-117"},{"key":"ref12","author":"irfan","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Math Behind Why We Need Social Distancing Starting Right Now"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social Distancing for Coronavirus (COVID-19)"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2020","journal-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Distancing Quarantine and Isolation Centers for Disease Control Prevention"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health England"},{"key":"ref16","author":"adlhoch","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Considerations relating to social distancing measures in response to COVID-19—Second update"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511541056"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2020","journal-title":"Guidance on Social Distancing for Everyone in the UK"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.04.170","article-title":"WiFi Bluetooth based combined positioning algorithm","volume":"35","author":"g -tejada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8010046"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Unleashing the power of disruptive and emerging technologies amid COVID-19: A detailed review","author":"agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2005 11507"},{"key":"ref119","article-title":"Revision of part 15 of the commission’s rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems","year":"2002","journal-title":"Federal Communications Commission"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051350"},{"key":"ref113","first-page":"837","article-title":"Bluetooth positioning using RSSI and triangulation methods","author":"wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Consum Commun Netw Conf (CCNC)"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/UPINLBS.2012.6409768"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41445-017-0008-x"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470869194"},{"key":"ref121","year":"2020","journal-title":"DecaWave Technology"},{"key":"ref122","year":"2020","journal-title":"BeSpoon Technology"},{"key":"ref123","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zebra Technologies"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/09172058.pdf?arnumber=9172058","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:55:20Z","timestamp":1639770920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9172058\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":228,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.3018140","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}