{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:00:19Z","timestamp":1775869219216,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002724","name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering and the Open Access Program from the American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3023388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T20:52:00Z","timestamp":1599857520000},"page":"168980-168993","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":238,"title":["Machine Learning Approaches for EV Charging Behavior: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5778-4876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakib","family":"Shahriar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6902-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. R.","family":"Al-Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9302-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-6417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salam","family":"Dhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mais","family":"Nijim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2017.09.007"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2018.09.022"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/PSCC.2018.8442988"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2020.102637"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12071341"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.09.139"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2018.8586132"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009715923555"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9010080"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.10.151"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2018.8585744"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms","author":"ruder","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1609 04747"},{"key":"ref32","volume":"34","author":"morrow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging infrastructure review"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2939595"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1304-6_35"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCAS.2006.1688199"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"18","article-title":"Classification and regression by randomforest","volume":"2","author":"liaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"ref35","author":"breiman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Classification and Regression Trees"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ci0342472"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEI.2018.00037"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVE.2014.7297504"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2014.2374993"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.09.020"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2019.08.006"},{"key":"ref64","article-title":"Time series prediction for electric vehicle charging load and solar power generation in the context of smart grid","author":"majidpour","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07474938.2010.481556"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12083439"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34914-1_27"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23080477.2017.1420132"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyai.2020.100007"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj9020017"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11113207"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Key World Energy Statistics 2018–Analysis"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2013.2279022"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2016.06.014"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.06.011"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.08.080"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2018.8472104"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3077839.3081670"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700210"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"27","article-title":"Internal versus external cluster validation indexes","volume":"5","author":"rend\u00f3n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Comput Commun"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04277-5_18"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en13081950"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIoT48696.2020.9089471"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2018.2879572"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.301"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using BLE beacons and machine learning for personalized customer experience in smart Cafés","author":"zualkernan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Electron Inf Commun (ICEIC)"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.2998080"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2019.2955437"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(02)00601-X"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Forecasting electric vehicle arrival & departure time on UCSD campus using support vector machines","author":"xu","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2017.8274327"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.2988648"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3307772.3328313"},{"key":"ref54","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pecan street database"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2016.0972"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartGridComm.2016.7778827"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2403287"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.01.010"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4302-5990-9_4"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2012.06.052"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2013.09.002"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.03.027"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Charging behaviour of Dutch EV drivers","author":"spoelstra","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2016.06.003"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.05.347"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PMAPS.2018.8440360"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CONTROL.2016.7737632"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-8904(02)00148-6"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGTEUROPE.2010.5638967"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/59.910780"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEVC.2014.7056224"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2835825"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.2975134"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-0158-2_75"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2018","journal-title":"68% of the World Population Projected to Live in Urban Areas by 2050 Says UN UN DESA |United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3077839.3077854"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global EV Outlook 2019–Analysis"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.2017.8001465"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2009.2036481"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9091723"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.06.043"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.113732"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12142692"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT-Asia.2019.8881655"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2017.2753403"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/10-AOS799"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"554","article-title":"The infinite Gaussian mixture model","author":"rasmussen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24797-2_4"},{"key":"ref47","author":"goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep Learning"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"90","article-title":"Review on determining number of cluster in K-means clustering","volume":"1","author":"kodinariya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289588"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"226","article-title":"A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise","volume":"96","author":"ester","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc KDD"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/09194702.pdf?arnumber=9194702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:55:52Z","timestamp":1639770952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9194702\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":96,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.3023388","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}