{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:50:30Z","timestamp":1774716630860,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3027350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T22:47:11Z","timestamp":1601419631000},"page":"181074-181090","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":292,"title":["Cross-Cultural Polarity and Emotion Detection Using Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning on COVID-19 Related Tweets"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2416-2878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Shariq","family":"Imran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6684-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sher Muhammad","family":"Daudpota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0199-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenun","family":"Kastrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2176-2509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakhi","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5205"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Twitter sentiment classification using distant supervision","volume":"1","author":"go","year":"2009","journal-title":"CS224N Project Report Stanford"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info11060314"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2019.2954667"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-015-0253-5"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCAA.2016.7813707"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BIGCOMP.2016.7425960"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62418-1"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emotex: Detecting emotions in twitter messages","author":"hasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc ASE BIGDATA\/SOCIALCOM\/CYBERSECURITY"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102089"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.7.1527"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sentiment analysis of tweets using deep neural architectures","author":"cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 32nd Conf Neural Inf Process Syst (NIPS)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2018.1546390"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2016.31"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6747-8"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"128","article-title":"Informational flow on Twitter&#x2013;Corona virus outbreak&#x2013;topic modelling approach","volume":"11","author":"kaila","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2011.311"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.04.253"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62990-2_5"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014118"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCI46756.2018.00252"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1253"},{"key":"ref4","volume":"1","author":"tomkins","year":"1962","journal-title":"Affect Imagery Consciousness The Positive Affects"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Sentiment analysis of Twitter data: A survey of techniques","author":"kharde","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1601 06971"},{"key":"ref3","author":"dk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Why is Denmark&#x2019;s Coronavirus Lockdown so Much Tougher Than Sweden&#x2019;S?"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939208411068"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2938640"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09515080903153600"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.219"},{"key":"ref2","author":"nisbett","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Geography of Thought How Asians and Westerners Think Differently&#x2026; and Why"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-558701-3.50007-7"},{"key":"ref1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Are there cross-cultural differences in reasoning?","author":"johnson-laird","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Annu Meeting of the Cogn Sci Soc"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2019.05.003"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3000739"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819204-7.00009-9"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Deep learning based text classification: A comprehensive review","author":"minaee","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv 2004 03705"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCOPES.2016.7955659"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SITIS.2015.102"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.05.111"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-018-0164-1"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"NRC-canada: Building the State-of-the-Art in sentiment analysis of tweets","author":"mohammad","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv 1308 6242"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOMET.2018.8346382"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"426","article-title":"Semantic textual similarity of sentences with emojis","author":"debnath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Companion Proc Web Conf"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"59","article-title":"A comparison of lexicon-based approaches for sentiment analysis of microblog posts","author":"musto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc of the 8th Int Workshop on Inf Filtering and Retrieval"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.08.019"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.06.037"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/8948470\/09207881.pdf?arnumber=9207881","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:56:14Z","timestamp":1639770974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9207881\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":48,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2020.3027350","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}