{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T17:13:31Z","timestamp":1780420411391,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Talents Foundation of China","award":["No. WQ20141100198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. WQ20141100198"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 3192028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 3192028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. L191020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. L191020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3054332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T22:26:05Z","timestamp":1611613565000},"page":"18876-18889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Facial Expression Recognition Using Hybrid Features of Pixel and Geometry"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5641-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5347-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoru","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8593-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3248-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-5333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaping","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2975913"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2963913"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00745"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-019-01636-3"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.07.028"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69456-6_12"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2016.2625419"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2354351"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2014.2386334"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"3","article-title":"CBAM: Convolutional block attention module","author":"woo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis (ECCV)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818346.2830595"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.341"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818346.2830587"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00286"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2016.2593719"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00052-3"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2019.01.008"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.233"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5591-z"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818346.2830593"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Real-time convolutional neural networks for emotion and gender classification","author":"arriaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1710 07557"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2016.7477450"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2017.8272741"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.03.019"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2019.8914039"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-019-01627-4"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2018.00051"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2017.2788081"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.07.026"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2331141"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964298"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2886767"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.08.029"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2018.8545853"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00354"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2020.2981446"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"OpenFace: A general purpose face recognition library with mobile applications","author":"amos","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990517"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2603342"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-020-09638-x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09806-5"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2020.1756471"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.10.044"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2017.2662199"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2008.08.005"},{"key":"ref5","author":"ekman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Facial Action Coding System—The Manual on CD-ROM"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMA.2015.7237813"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-017-1111-x"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep neural networks with relativity learning for facial expression recognition","author":"guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Conf Multimedia Expo Workshops (ICMEW)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tee.22151"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Deep learning using linear support vector machines","author":"tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv 1306 0239"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.1998.670949"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2857546.2857642"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CRV.2014.21"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Contour and region harmonic features for sub-local facial expression recognition","volume":"73","author":"shahid","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2956143"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2010.5543262"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.09.005"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09335586.pdf?arnumber=9335586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T20:29:58Z","timestamp":1662668998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9335586\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3054332","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}