{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T16:53:47Z","timestamp":1781801627602,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic","award":["SP2021\/32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SP2021\/32"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund in the Research Centre of Advanced Mechatronic Systems project through the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/16_019\/0000867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3058733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T02:13:27Z","timestamp":1613182407000},"page":"28608-28631","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Non-Invasive Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction Based on Novel Hybrid Method for Intrapartum ST Segment Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2054-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radek","family":"Martinek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB&#x2014;Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radana","family":"Kahankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB&#x2014;Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3346-6467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rene","family":"Jaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB&#x2014;Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5594-8294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Barnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB&#x2014;Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-3239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Matonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"&#x0141;ukasiewicz Research Network&#x2014;Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6026-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Jezewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics, Nanotechnology and Data Processing, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4737-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Czabanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybernetics, Nanotechnology and Data Processing, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Horoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"&#x0141;ukasiewicz Research Network&#x2014;Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Jezewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"&#x0141;ukasiewicz Research Network&#x2014;Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2011-0130"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1537"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2011.118"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17051135"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/7\/1685","article-title":"Noninvasive fetal QRS detection using an echo state network and dynamic programming","volume":"35","author":"luko\u0161evi?ius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiological Meas"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2980254"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/960980"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2019.2938061"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2011.07.001"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"5","article-title":"ST analysis for intrapartum fetal monitoring","volume":"17","author":"sacco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s17051154"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.883728"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2933717"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232769"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/37\/9\/1392"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2016.07.023"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/36\/2\/329"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00648"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(00)00026-5"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BMEI.2012.6512966"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2020016"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbe.2018.03.003"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"333","article-title":"Fetal heart rate discovery: Algorithm for detection of fetal heart rate from noisy, noninvasive fetal ECG recordings","author":"podziemski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2013.07.010"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2013.07.028"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3177457.3177503"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIMCA.2006.98"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2010.319.324"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSPIT.2006.270882"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-017-0527-5"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2005.1615765"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-015-1389-1"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.23.e215"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.04.024"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.10.873"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jmihi.2015.1534"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01947648.2012.714321"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69367-3_120"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"149","article-title":"Noninvasive fetal ECG: The physionet\/computing in cardiology challenge 2013","author":"silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbe.2016.06.003"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm.2010.025"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5412"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab4b13"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.066"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"53","article-title":"A Bayesian filtering framework for accurate extracting of the non-invasive FECG morphology","author":"behar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(77)90742-6"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(71)80243-3"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/37\/5\/627"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12009"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2059703"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2016.01.143"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"75","article-title":"Combined application of independent component analysis and projective filtering to fetal ECG extraction","volume":"28","author":"kotas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biocybern Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICS.2007.4449716"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2285962"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSS49621.2020.9202124"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.553712"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"281","article-title":"A multi-step approach for non-invasive fetal ECG analysis","author":"varanini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Comput Cardiol"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7061456"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IMCEC.2018.8469501"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"94","article-title":"A new method for fetal electrocardiogram denoising using blind source separation and empirical mode decomposition","volume":"61","author":"taralunga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Roumaine Sci Techn -Ser &#x00C9;lectrotechn &#x00C9;nerg&#x00E9;tique"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies5040068"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-017-0560-4"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2234456"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-018-2477-4"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00508"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2004.03.005"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSIPA.2011.6144151"},{"key":"ref68","first-page":"1","article-title":"An echo state neural network for foetal ECG extraction optimised by random search","author":"behar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2016.07.005"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.900244"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3414\/ME09-01-0041"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316161715"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1990.18.1.13"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl355"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01400.x"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2007.10.005"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.04.003"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/10.362922","article-title":"Detection of ECG characteristic points using wavelet transforms","volume":"42","author":"li","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"ref92","author":"gibb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fetal Monitoring in Practice"},{"key":"ref105","author":"jaros","year":"2021","journal-title":"ST Annotations of ADFECGDB Database"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13277"},{"key":"ref104","article-title":"Advanced signal processing methods for non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram extraction","author":"kahankova","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref90","first-page":"67","article-title":"Guidelines for the use of fetal monitoring","volume":"25","author":"news","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0538-z"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/S1110865704310188"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1985.325532"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPCT.2013.6782093"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s150717693"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90555-9"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/IJMLC.2013.V3.279"},{"key":"ref96","first-page":"355","article-title":"Alterations in the fetal electrocardiogram as a sign of fetal asphyxia&#x2013;experimental data with a clinical implementation","volume":"14","author":"rosen","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Perinatal Med"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016347109157285"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01533.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00305"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01479.x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05703-8"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90273-L"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000116.pub5"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20000315","article-title":"detection of the qrs complex, p wave and t wave in electrocardiogram","author":"tan","year":"2000","journal-title":"First International Conference on Advances in Medical Signal and Information Processing"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"A review of fetal ECG signal processing issues and promising directions","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Open Pacing, Electrophysiology &amp; Therapy Journal"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCS.2011.5978768"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2003.821031"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1521"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2011.2104415"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2003.1280809"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/20164401026"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CIC.1997.648140"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00178.x"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.08.060"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WISP.2015.7139157"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/51.932724"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMCS.2014.6911261"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.01.872"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.2006.295547"},{"key":"ref120","first-page":"3.093","article-title":"A p-wave detection method in ECG based on multi-feature and wavelet-amplitude threshold","author":"lixin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Inf Commun Technol (ICT)"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.020"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPIN.2015.7095293"},{"key":"ref122","article-title":"ECG signal analysis based on the wavelet transform","author":"bock","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"233","article-title":"Comparison of the most widely used algorithms for the detection of QT interval","volume":"15","author":"chrobak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Elektrorevue"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-23672-4_26"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNDSP.2016.7573974"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-0993-9"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACC.2011.6016426"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09352767.pdf?arnumber=9352767","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T21:27:40Z","timestamp":1705354060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9352767\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":123,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3058733","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}