{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:04:11Z","timestamp":1775469851727,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":234,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council (TRC) of the Sultanate of Oman","award":["TRC\/BFP\/ASU\/01\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRC\/BFP\/ASU\/01\/2019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004707","name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3061697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T15:46:13Z","timestamp":1614181573000},"page":"38833-38858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["Green Internet of Things (GIoT): Applications, Practices, Awareness, and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6464-1101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Albreem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, A&#x2019;Sharqiyah University, Ibra, Oman"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5506-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Manan","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, A&#x2019;Sharqiyah University, Ibra, Oman"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Alsharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"}]},{"given":"Muzammil","family":"Jusoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5142-3335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Najib","family":"Mohd Yasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4842-5549-0"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9010111"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30367-9_9"},{"key":"ref174","first-page":"25","article-title":"Green software engineering process: Moving towards sustainable software product design","volume":"4","author":"ray","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Global Res Comput Sci"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2019.102966"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-1810-47"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2012.12.008"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2686092"},{"key":"ref177","author":"meier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Simulating Energy Efficient Fog Computing"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2012.2222811"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24154-3_11"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40403-0_7"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-24513-9_12"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"The green Internet of Things: A review","volume":"5","author":"shankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced trends in Science and Engineering"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36548\/jsws.2019.4.006"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"29","article-title":"The CE-IoT framework for green ICT organizations","author":"hatzivasilis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc IEEE DCOSS"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.09.039"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2014.2301819"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s151128603"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2279391","article-title":"An energy efficient active RFID protocol to avoid overhearing problem","volume":"14","author":"dong-hyun","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2012.6364475"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOIN.2015.7057878"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12020492"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WIRELESSVITAE.2011.5940920"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WOCC.2013.6676389"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudNet.2015.7335284"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9030372"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.09.003"},{"key":"ref187","author":"remmert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Edge Computing Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning and 5G"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44907-0_15"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00253-4_15"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-019-00597-1"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2016.2515844"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2948888"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2928523"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LATINCOM.2015.7430133"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOIN.2015.7057878"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2943720"},{"key":"ref23","author":"mohammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Enabling hardware green internet of things A review of substantial issues"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6059343"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12145542"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.2704"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2624824"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2006.255610"},{"key":"ref153","first-page":"2889","article-title":"Constrained relay node deployment using an improved multi-objective artificial bee colony in wireless sensor networks","volume":"11","author":"yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"TIIS"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2006.283821"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IAdCC.2013.6514260"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2012.10.006"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCF.2006.505"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120100650"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2011.5934919"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2012.6214221"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2012.6231157"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2008.11.025"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"41","article-title":"Tactical navigation support for firefighters: The lifenet ad-hoc sensor-network and wearable system","author":"klann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Int Workshop Mobile Inf Technol Emergency Response"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCIOT.2014.7062509"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICM.2017.8268836"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.1600647CM"},{"key":"ref55","year":"2018","journal-title":"Smart Water A Guide to Ensuring a Successful Mobile IoT Deployment"},{"key":"ref54","author":"hackett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leaks & Bursts"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICCT.2018.8473262"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2018.011581514"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.058"},{"key":"ref167","first-page":"168","article-title":"A 646GOPS\/W multi-classifier many-core processor with cortex-like architecture for super-resolution recognition","author":"park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Int Solid-State Circuits Conf Dig Tech Papers"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2012.6389000"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.23127"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/POWERENG.2009.4915179"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2009.96"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2007.07.008"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2746342"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2013.08.004"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cisco Annual Internet Report (2018&#x2013;2023)"},{"key":"ref3","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrum Considerations For 5G"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2766165"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"97","article-title":"That-Internet of Things&#x2019; thing","volume":"22","author":"ashton","year":"2009","journal-title":"RFID J"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.09.002"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2010.031810.00037"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEE.EDGE.2017.13"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"244","volume":"193","author":"b\u00e9lissent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Getting Clever about Smart Cities New Opportunities Require New Business Models"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2007.358967"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NCA.2017.8171359"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2279391"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2598"},{"key":"ref45","author":"asin","year":"2015","journal-title":"50 Sensor Applications for A Smarter World"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"90","article-title":"Modeling opportunistic IoT services in open IoT ecosystems","author":"fortino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc WOA"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.09.083"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.03.034"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.08.046"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.12.008"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"195","article-title":"IoT based management system for livestock farming","author":"lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Computer Science and Ubiquitous Computing"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"838","article-title":"IoT based smart agriculture","volume":"5","author":"gondchawar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Adv Res Comput Commun Eng"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2844296"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSDIS.2015.11"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCCT.2015.7342646"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CICN.2015.178"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISNCC.2018.8531006"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICIP.2011.6008384"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2018.2801227"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HealthCom.2013.6720643"},{"key":"ref60","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors Anywhere (SANY)"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s140915687"},{"key":"ref61","author":"agency","year":"2020","journal-title":"Integrated Public Alert & Warning System Open Platform for Emergency Networks"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-5201-7.ch061"},{"key":"ref64","author":"gregory","year":"2020","journal-title":"The internet of things revolutionizing the retail industry"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IOT.2014.7030115"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/itj.2014.2552.2559"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WiMOB.2017.8115846"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2012.6361248"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6047-4_15"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48157-5_29"},{"key":"ref198","first-page":"142","article-title":"Green fog: Cost efficient real time power management service for green community","author":"mehmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Conf Complex Intell Softw Intensive Syst"},{"key":"ref199","first-page":"1","article-title":"Software-oriented routing protocol for energy-efficient wireless communications","author":"sakai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Conf Complex Intell Softw Intensive Syst"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2015.2434773"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DSDIS.2015.17"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSNIP.2015.7106958"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.042313.00197"},{"key":"ref95","author":"fall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Network Simulator 2"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CoCoNet.2015.7411258"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2983609"},{"key":"ref93","year":"2017","journal-title":"Power Management for IoT Devices"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCS.2018.00116"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.010"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1109\/PST.2016.7906930","article-title":"Using machine learning to secure IoT systems","author":"canedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 14th Annu Conf Privacy Secur Trust (PST)"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"1","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT) a survey on architecture, enabling technologies, applications and challenges","author":"giri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 1st Int Conf Internet Things Mach Learn"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMCON.2018.8614777"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2019.2924498"},{"key":"ref99","author":"iea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tracking Buildings 2019"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031495.1031518"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/electrica.2020.19081"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-18468-1_2"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMCON.2018.8614931"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FTC.2016.7821686"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2683200"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40403-0_7"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2014.2365797"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMCECS47690.2020.247112"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-015-0395-1"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"1","article-title":"Software defined network (SDN) based Internet of Things (IoT) a road ahead","author":"tayyaba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Future Netw Distrib Syst"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.05.099"},{"key":"ref200","first-page":"12","article-title":"A topic-based publish\/subscribe system in a fog computing model for the IoT","author":"saito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Conf Complex Intell Softw Intensive Syst"},{"key":"ref101","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Energy Outlook"},{"key":"ref100","author":"barnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cisco Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2019.2899832"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2009.02.003"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12053-012-9184-4"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2976641"},{"key":"ref202","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): Opportunities, issues and challenges towards a smart and sustainable future","volume":"274","author":"ni\u017eeti?","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cleaner Prod"},{"key":"ref207","author":"duhigg","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Power of Habit Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2019.2899832"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2015.00029"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4324-6_2"},{"key":"ref211","article-title":"Breaking bad habits: A dynamical perspective on habit formation and change","author":"jager","year":"2003","journal-title":"Human Decision-Making and Environmental Perception-Understanding and Assisting Human Decision-Making in Real Life Settings Libor Amicorum for Charles Vlek"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753464"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797616639301"},{"key":"ref213","author":"miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Motivational Interviewing Helping People Change"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203838020"},{"key":"ref215","article-title":"Method for delivering behavior change directives to a user","author":"hu","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2005.08.002"},{"key":"ref217","first-page":"26","article-title":"The effectiveness of feedback on energy consumption","volume":"486","author":"darby","year":"2006","journal-title":"A review for DEFRA of the literature on metering billing and direct displays"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12053-008-9009-7"},{"key":"ref219","author":"stromback","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Potential of Smart Meter Enabled Programs to Increase Energy and Systems Efficiency A Mass Pilot Comparison Short Name Empower Demand"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12053-012-9169-3"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-7399-2_13"},{"key":"ref221","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref229","year":"2017","journal-title":"United Nations System-Wide Response to Tackling e-Waste"},{"key":"ref228","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global E-waste Status and Trends"},{"key":"ref227","author":"lucier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electronic Waste Recycling and Disposal An Overview Assessment and Management of Radioactive and Electronic Wastes"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.2018.8362218"},{"key":"ref225","year":"2018","journal-title":"IoT Devices Will Lead to More e-Waste in the Future"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECODIM.1999.747607"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2010.20"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-018-3763-z"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.062413.122042"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2008.927494"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2357031"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2006.874536"},{"key":"ref128","article-title":"Design and implementation of a new low-power consumption DSRC transponder","author":"franciscatto","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2007.905243"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2011.5741143","article-title":"GRS: The green, reliability, and security of emerging machine to machine communications","volume":"49","author":"lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2421517"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2014.7136139"},{"key":"ref132","first-page":"382","article-title":"Green perspective cognitive radio-based M2M communications for smart meters","author":"duy vo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Inf Commun Technol Converg (ICTC)"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-54983-1_5"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-54983-1_6"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-017-0659-1"},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"520","article-title":"Implementation of smart agriculture using cloudiot and its geotagging on Android platform","author":"kanchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Intell Comput Commun Technol"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102364"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2011.6092977"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWISE.2015.7380346"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2004.830916"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2015.03.007"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2005.853882"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2010.03.002"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.11.018"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.052213.00116"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2011.06.006"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2970118"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCT.2011.6157897"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2692307"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.060710.00094"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2014.2382555"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2012.2189222"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.10.035"},{"key":"ref106","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Green computing: Latest practices and technologies for ICT sustainability","author":"pazowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Manag Intellectual Capital Innov Sustain Inclusive Soc Manag Intellectual Capital Innov MakeLearn TIIM Joint Int Conf"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"2139","article-title":"Emerging trends of green IoT for smart world","volume":"5","author":"gapchup","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Innov Res Comput Commun Eng"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2497312"},{"key":"ref103","year":"2019","journal-title":"2020 Global Networking Trends Report"},{"key":"ref102","first-page":"37","article-title":"How IT can cut carbon emissions","volume":"37","author":"boccaletti","year":"2008","journal-title":"McKinsey Quarterly"},{"key":"ref111","author":"holler","year":"2015","journal-title":"From Machine- To-Machine to the Internet of Things"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2014.03.027"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2014.2350492"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8872586"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"978","author":"bald\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Global E-Waste Monitor&#x2013;2017 United Nations University (UNU) International Telecommunication Union (ITU) & International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) Bonn\/Geneva\/Vienna"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tsunami of data' could consume one fifth of global electricity by 2025"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSIMA.2017.8312021"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"24","article-title":"The relation of artificial intelligence with Internet of Things: A survey","volume":"1","author":"mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cybersecurity Inf Manage"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60435-0_12"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2497312"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2017.37"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Greening Internet of Things for smart everythings with a green-environment life: A survey and future prospects","author":"alsamhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1805 00844"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2762345"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2686092"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2015.2415194"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWSSIP.2013.6623445"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2006.157"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2017.03.004"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5861-5_5"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spy2.72"},{"key":"ref120","first-page":"20","article-title":"Overview of cloudlet, fog computing, edge computing, and dew computing","author":"pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc 3rd Int Workshop Dew Comput"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2042186"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2006.872544"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2012.101912.112297"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09361680.pdf?arnumber=9361680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T05:59:34Z","timestamp":1769493574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9361680\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":234,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3061697","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}