{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:45:01Z","timestamp":1781765101840,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Engineering Technical College-Najaf, Iraq"},{"name":"T\u00dcB\u00ddTAK","award":["118C276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["118C276"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007504","name":"Istanbul Technical University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005417","name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Q.K130000.3556.05G58"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q.K130000.3556.05G58"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3065285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T21:17:48Z","timestamp":1615411068000},"page":"49487-49503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Performance Enhancement of SCM\/WDM-RoF-XGPON System for Bidirectional Transmission With Square Root Module"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4202-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bashar J.","family":"Hamza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3392-1661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wasan Kadhim","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0957-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibraheem","family":"Shayea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9991-343X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norulhusna","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6159-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norliza","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8487-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golshan","family":"Gholampour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-6872-0_50"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"th-12","article-title":"Bidirectional, Raman extended GPON with 50 km reach and 1: 64 split using wavelength stabilised pumps","author":"nesset","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Expo Opt Commun"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/NFOEC.2009.NME3"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2005.861975"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2010.11.004"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2006.881662"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.023428"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.09.041"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20050685"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"GPON reach extension to 60 km with entirely passive fibre plant using Raman amplification","author":"zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 35th Eur Conf Opt Commun"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NCTT.2008.4814276"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMAP.2015.7408789"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3000014"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"5","article-title":"Link utilization and comparison of EPON and GPON access network cost","author":"raatikainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Global Telecommun Conf"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Techno-economical comparison between GPON and EPON networks","author":"bonilla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc ITU-T Kaleidoscope Innov Digit Inclusions"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12928\/telkomnika.v18i3.14172"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2008.927182"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON.2009.5185020"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Performance analysis of full-duplex NG-PON2-RoF system with non-linear impairments","volume":"1530","author":"abdulnabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30772\/qjes.v12i4.640"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RFM.2008.4897427"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2665166"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2810855"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2018.03.119"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3023802"},{"key":"ref6","author":"gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Passive optical network communications method apparatus and system"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"49","article-title":"Towards a new generation of passive optical networks","volume":"21","author":"mart\u00ednez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ingenier&#x00ED;a"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2017-0186"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.391830"},{"key":"ref7","author":"kramer","year":"2005","journal-title":"What is Passive Optical Network?"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900333"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2010.2046474"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2890302"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2018.2890595"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/IJMLC.2011.V1.78"},{"key":"ref45","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.02.015","article-title":"The next generation of passive optical networks: A review","volume":"67","author":"abbas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2013.2246151"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2015.01.040"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WRAP.2015.7805998"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MICC.2015.7725418"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2010.5683188"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWP.2007.4378126"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-1579-4","author":"van deventer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fundamentals of Bidirectional Transmission over a Single Optical Fibre"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2016.2636246"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.03.071"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTON.2007.4296328"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09374471.pdf?arnumber=9374471","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T11:52:22Z","timestamp":1643197942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9374471\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":47,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3065285","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}