{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:03:42Z","timestamp":1770998622691,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004055","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GTEC1701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GTEC1701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"King Abdullah City\u2019s Funding Support for Atomic and Renewable Energy (K.A.CARE), Energy Research and Innovation Center (ERIC) at KFUPM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3066799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T19:49:20Z","timestamp":1616010560000},"page":"83964-83982","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Solar Power Tower Drives: A Comprehensive Survey"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5911-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed M.","family":"Hamanah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5429-8362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aboubakr","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-6938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A.","family":"Abido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulaziz M.","family":"Qwbaiban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6598-2429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Habetler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref57","first-page":"71","article-title":"Ultra-compact AC servo actuator combining a harmonic drive gear","author":"furuta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Workshop Adv Robot Social Impacts"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC.2007.382752"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/jipe.1935.0064"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mechatronic model of harmonic drive system","author":"hadas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 17th Int Conf Mechtron Mechatronika (ME)"},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"6035","article-title":"Research on manufacturing of a new bevel gear based on the three-axis CNC bevel gear machine","author":"su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc 2nd Int Conf Mech Automat Control Eng"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ep.1970.0237"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954406212460150"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2011.04.018"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPGPT.1958.1135704"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEMS12746.2007.4412294"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESA.2013.6828217"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2016.2527634"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/60.790940"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2016.2517018"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/AEIT.2017.8240579"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSE.2016.7563241"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IFEEC47410.2019.9015109"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MESA.2014.6935522"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRANSDUCERS.2015.7181379"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAC48633.2019.8996808"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2020.06.113"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2020.06.030"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.07.040"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4024243"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2940618"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.04.097"},{"key":"ref100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stepper motor modeling and control design for a 1.5 square meters heliostat prototype","author":"pitalua-diaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc World Automat Congr"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FUZZ-IEEE.2017.8015479"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GFPS.2018.8472380"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2014.2385939"},{"key":"ref34","author":"li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Power transfer system with reduced component ratings"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFRCON.2015.7332011"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2013.03.005"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.06.076"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21712\/lajer.2017.v4.n2.p11-22"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Heliostat cost reduction methods applied to a small heliostat","author":"larmuth","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"A review of the application performances of concentrated solar power systems","volume":"255","author":"gonzalo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"61","article-title":"State of the art in heliostats and definition of specifications—Survey for a low-cost heliostat development","author":"t\u00e9llez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Technol Alliance Guarant Eur Excell Conc Sol Therm Energy"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01430750.2018.1525581"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-092X(02)00028-2"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRSEC48032.2019.9078252"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EBCCSP.2019.8836916"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"43","article-title":"A review of concentrating solar power technology","volume":"18","author":"m\u00fcller-steinhagen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ingenia"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2017.12.016"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2163739"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"91","article-title":"Distributed renewable energies for off-grid communities, concentrated solar power","author":"el-bassam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Renewable Energy and Alternative Technologies Energy"},{"key":"ref28","year":"2020","journal-title":"NREL Database Crescent Dunes Project"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2010.01.003"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98149-9"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2016.04.066"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.10.026"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.01.032"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SIBIRCON.2010.5555140"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.07.040"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC.2017.8002155"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SOFE.2013.6635396"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2013.6699373"},{"key":"ref96","author":"de silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators Engineering System Instrumentation"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.1995.496481"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2012.03.042"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/PBPO026E"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2020.2989799"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CAC.2018.8623355"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSEDPS.2018.8536061"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITHERM.1998.689596"},{"key":"ref17","author":"muller-steinhagen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Concentrating solar power a review of the technology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-092X(02)00028-2"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2010.2093561"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2020","journal-title":"IRENA Solar Atlas"},{"key":"ref93","year":"0"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-018-3506-6"},{"key":"ref92","author":"rashid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Power Electronics Handbook Devices Circuits and Applications"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2719599"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2006.364314"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2991691"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC.2009.5192235"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ISPSD.2017.7988916"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEC.2018.8312046"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEDES.2012.6484440"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PCCON.1993.264161"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2014.06.056"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9.262037"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2907021"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.1984.4504637"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24084\/repqj18.406"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3182\/20080706-5-KR-1001.01871"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2019.2930883"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/YAC.2016.7804930"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWDA.2019.8681784"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2018.09.064"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IRSEC.2017.8477396"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/41.9176"},{"key":"ref83","year":"2020","journal-title":"CSP projects around the world"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40815-015-0098-0"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19026\/rjaset.10.2465"},{"key":"ref108","first-page":"40","author":"kurokawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Feasibility of Very Large Scale Photovoltaic Power Generation (VLS-PV) Systems"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMElec.2012.6417207"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-0248(02)00198-8"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2429591"},{"key":"ref107","first-page":"2386","article-title":"Prothelios: Heliostat for large PV plants","volume":"3","author":"enrile","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc 3rd World Conf Photovolt Energy Convers"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2011.03.003"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEngTechnol.2017.8308150"},{"key":"ref74","first-page":"111","article-title":"Mathematical modelization of an azimuthal-elevation tracking system of small scale heliostat","volume":"9","author":"debbache","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Control Theory Applied"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142331219866545"},{"key":"ref77","author":"erickson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Heliostat control employing direct current motor"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.01.122"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAS.1983.317814"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ATEE.2013.6563389"},{"key":"ref2","author":"zervos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renewables 2019 global status report"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Energy Transformation A roadmap to 2050"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10172-012-0008-5"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2019.8927103"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"829","article-title":"ACTUATORS: Development of the harmonic drive gear for space applications","author":"ueura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc 8th Eur Symp Space Mech Tribol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIGA.1970.4181234"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"81","article-title":"Methods for calculating solar position and day length including computer programs and subroutines","author":"roderick","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03179032"},{"key":"ref110","year":"2020","journal-title":"How to exploit sunlight toward maximum energy yield?"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2013.6630940"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECDS.2017.8389742"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2012.6224772"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESA.2017.8277729"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-075067621-2\/50007-X"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SLED.2018.8486065"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMA.2011.312"},{"key":"ref115","first-page":"1","article-title":"A converter topology for high speed motor drive applications","author":"guennegues","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 13th Eur Conf Power Electron Appl"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"426","article-title":"Spur gear design with an S-shaped transition curve application using mathematica and CAD tools","author":"yahaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Mach Vis"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iCECE.2010.158"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40648-016-0047-1"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.2001.931560"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANS.2005.1639856"},{"key":"ref114","first-page":"664","article-title":"Use a less power low voltage IGBT converter to adjust speed of a full power medium voltage induction motor of fan or pump","volume":"2","author":"wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc 4th Int Power Electron Motion Control Conf (IPEMC)"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.280916"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/YAC.2017.7967411"},{"key":"ref123","first-page":"116","article-title":"Study on the performance sensitivity to ambient temperature for permanent magnet synchronous motor used in pump Jack","volume":"1","author":"yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"6th Int Conf Elect Mach Syst (ICEMS)"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"The applications of bevel gears","author":"stadtfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technical Power Transmission Engineering"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429173455"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2019.2900447"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"95","article-title":"Alternating current motors, electric motor control","author":"kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electric Power—Systems and Networks"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/10005208\/09380378.pdf?arnumber=9380378","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T18:16:11Z","timestamp":1693851371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9380378\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":138,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3066799","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}