{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:05:27Z","timestamp":1777435527499,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research-King Saud University through the Research Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-1437-018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1437-018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"Researchers Support and Services Unit-RSSU at King Saud University for their technical support","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3069714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T20:31:57Z","timestamp":1617136317000},"page":"59612-59627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Arabic Sign Language Recognition System Using 2D Hands and Body Skeleton Data"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8147-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Bencherif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7962-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Algabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9478-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Mekhtiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7720-0076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Computer Science, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2866-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour","family":"Alsulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Mathkour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8174-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muneer","family":"Al-Hammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5768-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Ghaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2017.09.007"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15849\/icit.2015.0024"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3685614"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2990434"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2007.893280"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27817-7_159"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2990699"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3991\/ijoe.v16i05.13087"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.12785\/ijcds\/090418","article-title":"An automatic Arabic sign language recognition system based on deep CNN: An assistive system for the deaf and hard of hearing","volume":"9","author":"latif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Comput Digit Syst"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INTELCIS.2017.8260028"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"116","article-title":"Sign language recognition: State of the art","volume":"9","author":"sahoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"ARPN J Eng Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2019.8683097"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-017-0705-5"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.103777"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-5281-2007-087929"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WiSPNET.2017.8299859"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICENCO.2016.7856452"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2909837"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01004"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26583\/sv.10.5.09"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IST.2018.8577085"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(98)00061-7"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051072"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2929257"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3032140"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2889797"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/pb-51-1-5"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.441"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"345","article-title":"A probabilistic interpretation of precision, recall and F-score, with implication for evaluation","author":"goutte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Eur Conf Inf Retr"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2016.153"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2015.7301342"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUMT.2015.7382433"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"146","article-title":"Recognizing Arabic sign language gestures using depth sensors and a KSVM classifier","author":"almasre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc 8th Comput Sci Electron Eng Conf"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.10.087"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.08.132"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDIM.2015.7381873"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IACC.2016.90"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2018.00025"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3397306"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2015.2406692"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2017.337.354"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCES.2014.7030986"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Arabic sign language benchmark database for different heterogeneous sensors","author":"alfonse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc 5th Int Conf Inf Commun Technol Accessibility (ICTA)"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"68","article-title":"Signs World Atlas; a benchmark Arabic sign language database","volume":"27","author":"shohieb","year":"2015","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ -Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"721","article-title":"A proposed hybrid sensor architecture for Arabic Sign Language recognition","author":"el badawy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AINAW.2007.98"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SSD.2016.7473753"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070481.2070532"},{"key":"ref49","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Unified Arabic Sign Language Dictionary for the Deaf"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAI.2016.7556002"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8783751"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2016.01.014"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2856094"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Benchmark databases for video-based automatic sign language recognition","author":"dreuw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc 6th Int Conf Lang Resource Eval (LREC)"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"4231","article-title":"KSU rich Arabic speech database","volume":"16","author":"alsulaiman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11220-019-0225-3"},{"key":"ref44","year":"2020","journal-title":"King Saud University Arabic Speech Database&#x2014;Linguistic Data Consortium"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AMS.2011.29"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09389720.pdf?arnumber=9389720","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T02:07:58Z","timestamp":1733882878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9389720\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":58,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3069714","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}