{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:11:59Z","timestamp":1787011919931,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program","award":["SQ2019QZKK2003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SQ2019QZKK2003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0505200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0505200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0505205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0505205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project of the Integrated Scientific Expedition of the Ailao-Wuliang Mountains National Park","award":["2019IB018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019IB018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41672180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41672180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Platforms and Scientific Research Projects in Universities in Guangdong Province of China","award":["2018KTSCX212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018KTSCX212"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA23020603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA23020603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA230000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA230000000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3074305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:39:28Z","timestamp":1618965568000},"page":"65503-65523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Estimation of SPEI Meteorological Drought Using Machine Learning Algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7277-7447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadnabi","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6790-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadhir","family":"Al-Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elbeltagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8925-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karam","family":"Alsafadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9283-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazem Ghassan","family":"Abdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1708-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad Sh.","family":"Sammen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2671-1180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeboah","family":"Gyasi-Agyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Rodrigo-Comino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w13040547"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Seasonal meteorological drought prediction using support vector machine","volume":"13","author":"shahbazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2017.1368098"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2011.05.017"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.08.021"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.06.029"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.5505\/pajes.2019.34392","article-title":"Drought analysis with machine learning methods","volume":"25","author":"ba?ak?n","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Enging Sci Univ Pamukkale"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.431"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/IJCTE.2009.V1.9"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.01.158"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-013-9464-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2013.10.052"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jastp.2017.02.002"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.9966"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2019.03.015"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.03.091"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-11-00176.1"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2018.05.012"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.03.029"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.03.049"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2019.02.023"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2053"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12083103"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.243"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5814\/j.issn.1674-764x.2019.04.007"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.08.011"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04120-1"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142638"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.111979"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2019.03.006"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.09.033"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-020-01776-2"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9050235"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.11.025"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2018.10.072"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.11.034"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2020.103562"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11236754"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.124540"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-11-019.1"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w7126655"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.03.028"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.06.104"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2934901"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2018.11.031"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.10.016"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2015.87"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2017.04.084"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19401493.2017.1354919"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(14)60778-4"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"176","article-title":"Variation rules of meteorological drought in China during 1961&#x2013;2010 based on SPEI and intensity analysis","volume":"29","author":"li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Catastrophol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-019-4237-z"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JCLI2909.1"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-017-1744-x"},{"key":"ref77","article-title":"Using the SPI to identify drought","volume":"12","author":"agnew","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drought Network News"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.6403"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-014-1436-5"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2020.105126"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-020-02449-5"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2008.09.027"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703-005-0125-z"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-1303-2016"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02973084"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2017.07.026"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1580"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-020-09007-1"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EW00883G"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(99)00194-8"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667.2015.1057143"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-012-0479-4"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2021.105536"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2015.01.003"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101657"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13351-011-0025-8"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref107","first-page":"349","article-title":"Drought events and its influence in 2014 in China","volume":"33","author":"duan","year":"2015","journal-title":"arid meteorology"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105728"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.6587"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324"},{"key":"ref105","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Drought events and its influence in autumn of 2018 in China","volume":"36","author":"yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"arid meteorology"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"ref104","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Drought events and its influence in autumn of 2014 in China","volume":"32","author":"wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"arid meteorology"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18178\/ijesd.2017.8.1.915"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejsobi.2020.103195"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.23153"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00703-011-0172-6"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD015706"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/2011JCLI3733.1"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11123493"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2020.106113"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.124819"},{"key":"ref97","author":"kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv 1412 6980"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2018.09.020"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/465142a"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.09.047"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-5924-7_1"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.12.002"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2005.07.007"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.02.013"},{"key":"ref82","first-page":"179","article-title":"The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales","author":"mckee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc 8th Conf Appl Climatol"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2012.09.007"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140770"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos6101399"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-10543-3"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su9060901"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.05.045"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3875"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/nh.2020.184"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/475174c"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10124254"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2280"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2015.10.011"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1991.68.3.855"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.120"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.01.746"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1387"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11600-020-00501-5"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09408611.pdf?arnumber=9408611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T14:55:42Z","timestamp":1639752942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9408611\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":117,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3074305","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}