{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:25:40Z","timestamp":1780363540862,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Geran Putra Berimpak\u2014Universiti Putra Malaysia","award":["UPM\/800-3\/3\/1\/GPB\/2019\/9671700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UPM\/800-3\/3\/1\/GPB\/2019\/9671700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3075732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T21:20:44Z","timestamp":1619472044000},"page":"64393-64413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Optimal Design and Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Off-Grid Renewable Power System Considering Different Component Scheduling, PV Modules, and Solar Tracking Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7517-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keifa Vamba","family":"Konneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6695-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Masrur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0382-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Lutfi","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9042-9796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor Izzri Abdul","family":"Wahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3763-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hashim","family":"Hizam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Zahurul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4494-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomonobu","family":"Senjyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123534"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.01.012"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2020.03.002"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12072880"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.01.033"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2006.07.011"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.10.109"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.02.129"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.117727"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2020.100895"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.111810"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.06.085"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ese3.71"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.3022563"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.10.136"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2015.2485280"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14041044"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2014.2358452"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.07.003"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.11.246"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.06.032"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.07.056"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2020.105885"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2019.01.025"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2016.03.005"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2019.03.066"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2020.106660"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2016.03.037"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.05.235"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"TTechno-economic assessment of a biomass-based hybrid energy system for rural electrification in Sierra Leone","volume":"9001","author":"mansaray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research Gate"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122967"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102603"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2020.09.131"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.03.067"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.07.037"},{"key":"ref54","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref53","year":"2021","journal-title":"Canadian Solar CS6K-285M T4 285W Mono Solar Panel"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.03.042"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123617"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.04.103"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.09.046"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.12.063"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.102013"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.05.200"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109923"},{"key":"ref16","year":"2021","journal-title":"Super–Renewables-Salone—Solar"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gaijouhn–Renewables-Salone—Biomass & Cooking Renewables-Salone"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2021","journal-title":"UNDP"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2017.10.017"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13728"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118440"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2018.08.069"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.05.040"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.09.046"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.215"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.01.093"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rural of Rural Population—Worldbank"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4976119"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2019.116475"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2016.03.091"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2011.03.026"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.12.030"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.12.125"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.03.002"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2017.10.090"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09416420.pdf?arnumber=9416420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:55:49Z","timestamp":1639770949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9416420\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":65,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3075732","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}