{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:20:09Z","timestamp":1775665209539,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"SpanishMinistry of Sciences Research and Universities","award":["RTC-2016-5711-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTC-2016-5711-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3079375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T20:04:59Z","timestamp":1620763499000},"page":"72398-72411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Online Student Authentication and Proctoring System Based on Multimodal Biometrics Technology"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8136-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikel","family":"Labayen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9168-2163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Vea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Florez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2156-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naiara","family":"Aginako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8062-9332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basilio","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2014.02.006"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2017.8272675"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"56","article-title":"Cybersecurity of online proctoring systems","volume":"29","author":"slusky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Technol Inf Manage"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2017.03.027"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12733"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2017.2656064"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3011028"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2977117"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-018-9442-6"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"84","article-title":"Students&#x2019; perception of the importance of facial authentication software in moodle tools","volume":"33","author":"guillen-gamez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Eng Educ"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2013.6712743"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"515","article-title":"A novel secure fingerprint-based authentication system for student&#x2019;s examination system","volume":"10","author":"alshbtat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNG.2010.250"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"MobileNets: Efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications","author":"howard","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv 1704 04861"},{"key":"ref1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kryterion Global Testing Solutions"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v12i04.6478"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64352-6_11"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18260\/p.26481"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Student facial authentication model based on OpenCV&#x2019;s object detection method and QR code for Zambian higher institutions of learning","volume":"9","author":"musambo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEEI47359.2019.8988786"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CONFLUENCE.2019.8776934"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1153","author":"guillen-gamez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comparative Analysis Between Different Facial Authentication Tools for Assessing Their Integration in m-Health Mobile Applications"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PST.2010.5593258"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3019467"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.01.270"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISI.2009.5137288"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2014.907343"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2021","journal-title":"OnVUE"},{"key":"ref11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Online Proctoring Redefined"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.09.041"},{"key":"ref12","author":"verified","year":"2021","journal-title":"Make Your Online Learning Defensible"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2021","journal-title":"A Comprehensive Learning Integrity Platform"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trusted Exam Integrity | Remote Online Proctoring"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2021","journal-title":"OnlineValidation"},{"key":"ref16","year":"2021","journal-title":"Al-Powered Proctoring"},{"key":"ref17","year":"2021","journal-title":"Secure Online Proctoring"},{"key":"ref18","year":"2021","journal-title":"Honorlock On-Demand Online Proctoring Service"},{"key":"ref19","year":"2021","journal-title":"Learning Assessments Tools & Software"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Leading Proctoring Solution for Online Exams"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71041-9"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2021","journal-title":"Certification Testing Services and Programs"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2021","journal-title":"Better Test Integrity"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2021","journal-title":"Assessment Tools for Learning Services"},{"key":"ref7","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infrastructure for Online Proctoring & Invigilation"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2012.6239225"},{"key":"ref9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Proctor"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"30","article-title":"The kaldi speech recognition toolkit","author":"povey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Workshop Autom Speech Recognition Understanding (ASRU)"},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative adversarial nets","volume":"2","author":"goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 27th Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst (NIPS)"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2018.8462628"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2018.8462665"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-336156-1.50061-6"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.728"},{"key":"ref43","author":"liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ssd Single shot multibox detector"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09427463.pdf?arnumber=9427463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:56:05Z","timestamp":1639770965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9427463\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3079375","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}